{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:36:40Z","timestamp":1791563800050,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020624","name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In respiratory medicine, there is a need for sensitive measures of regional lung function that can be performed using standard imaging technology, without the need for inhaled or intravenous contrast agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe VOxel\u2010wise Lung VEntilation (VOLVE), a new method for quantifying regional lung ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) using free\u2010breathing proton MRI, and to evaluate VOLVE in healthy never\u2010smokers, healthy people with smoking history, and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective pilot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve healthy never\u2010smoker participants (age 30.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5\u2009years, five male), four healthy participants with smoking history (&gt;10 pack\u2010years) (age 42.5\u2009\u00b1\u200918.3\u2009years, one male), and 12 participants with COPD (age 62.8\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1\u2009years, seven male).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010slice free\u2010breathing two\u2010dimensional fast field echo sequence at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel postprocessing was developed to evaluate the MR signal changes in the lung parenchyma using a linear regression\u2010based approach, which makes use of all the data in the time series for maximum sensitivity. V\/Q\u2010weighted maps were produced by computing the cross\u2010correlation, lag and gradient between the respiratory\/cardiac phase time course and lung parenchyma signal time courses. A comparison of histogram median and skewness values and spirometry was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests with Dunn's multiple comparison tests to compare VOLVE metrics between groups; Spearman correlation to assess the correlation between MRI and spirometry\u2010derived parameters; and Bland\u2013Altman analysis and coefficient of variation to evaluate repeatability were used. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;0.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences between the groups were found for ventilation between healthy never\u2010smoker and COPD groups (median XCC<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>, Lag<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>, and Grad<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>) and perfusion (median XCC<jats:sub>Q<\/jats:sub>, Lag<jats:sub>Q<\/jats:sub>, and Grad<jats:sub>Q<\/jats:sub>). Minimal bias and no significant differences between intravisit scans were found (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> range\u2009=\u20090.12\u20130.97).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This preliminary study showed that VOLVE has potential to provide metrics of function quantification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T14:58:28Z","timestamp":1717167508000},"page":"663-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Free\u2010Breathing Functional Pulmonary Proton <scp>MRI<\/scp>: A Novel Approach Using Voxel\u2010Wise Lung Ventilation (<scp>VOLVE<\/scp>) Assessment in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4263-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary J.T.","family":"Peggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Research NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Brooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Research NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Department of 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