{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:43:17Z","timestamp":1777491797862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has been developed and recognized as an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there remains a lack of noninvasive methods in precisely evaluating VEGF expression in HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish a visual noninvasive model based on clinical indicators and MRI features to evaluate VEGF expression in HCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty HCC patients were randomly divided into a training (N\u2009=\u200998) and a test cohort (N\u2009=\u200942).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">0\u2009T<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2WI<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T1WI<\/jats:styled-content> including pre\u2010contrast, dynamic, and hepatobiliary phases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fusion model constructed by history of smoking, albumin\u2010to\u2010globulin ratio (AGR) and the Radio\u2010Tree model was visualized by a nomogram.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Performances of models were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, chi\u2010square test, Fisher's exact test, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, DeLong's test, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis were performed. <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>History of smoking and AGR \u22641.5 were clinical independent risk factors of the VEGF expression. In training cohorts, values of area under the curve (AUCs) of Radio\u2010Tree model, Clinical\u2010Radiological (C\u2010R) model, fusion model which combined history of smoking and AGR with Radio\u2010Tree model were 0.821, 0.748, and 0.871. In test cohort, the fusion model showed highest AUC (0.844) than Radio\u2010Tree and C\u2010R models (0.819, 0.616, respectively). DeLong's test indicated that the fusion model significantly differed in performance from the C\u2010R model in training cohort (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) and test cohort (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fusion model combining history of smoking, AGR and Radio\u2010Tree model established with ML algorithm showed the highest AUC value than others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T08:06:17Z","timestamp":1719043577000},"page":"970-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Nomogram Based on <scp>MRI<\/scp> Visual Decision Tree to Evaluate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3576-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanting","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4106-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3970-9637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongping","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3669-568X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042220-021121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.3381"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.4.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850510021247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-015-0352-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.6.01831585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2007.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0313-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.857715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09852-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-022-01973-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221835"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","unstructured":"LI\u2010RADS\u00ae CT\/MRI v2018. Available from:https:\/\/www.acr.org\/Clinical-Resources\/Reporting-and-Data-Systems\/LI-RADS\/LI-RADS-CT-MRI--v2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-1297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000518307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00900-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01715-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-4136-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17998\/jlc.2023.02.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80369-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06861-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S410237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.745085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-017-1437-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020190037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.3.01840832"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.29491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T16:40:49Z","timestamp":1736268049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.29491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.29491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.29491","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}