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Addressing this unresolved issue is essential to understand the acute changes in cerebral physiology induced by aerobic exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Purpose<\/jats:title>To dynamically monitor the acute changes in cerebral physiology subsequent to a single aerobic exercise training session using noninvasive MRI measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Study Type<\/jats:title>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Population<\/jats:title>Twenty\u2010three healthy participants (18\u201335\u2009years, 10 females\/13 males) were enrolled and divided into 10\u2010minute exercising (N\u2009=\u200910) and 20\u2010minute exercising (N\u2009=\u200913) groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>3.0\u2009T\/Phase Contrast (PC) MRI (gradient echo), T2<\/jats:sub>\u2010Relaxation\u2010Under\u2010Spin\u2010Tagging (TRUST) MRI (gradient echo EPI), Water\u2010Extraction\u2010with\u2010Phase\u2010Contrast\u2010Arterial\u2010Spin\u2010Tagging (WEPCAST) MRI (gradient echo EPI) and T1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted magnetization\u2010prepared\u2010rapid\u2010acquisition\u2010of\u2010gradient\u2010echo (MPRAGE) (gradient echo).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Assessment<\/jats:title>A baseline MR measurement plus four repeated MR measurements immediately after 10 or 20\u2009minutes moderate running exercise. MR measurements included cerebral blood flow (CBF) as measured by PC MRI, venous oxygenation (Y<\/jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2<\/jats:sub>) as assessed by TRUST MRI, water extraction fraction (E<\/jats:italic>), and BBB permeability\u2010surface\u2010area product (PS) as determined by WEPCAST MRI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>The time dependence of the physiological parameters was studied with a linear mixed\u2010effect model. Additionally, pairwise t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests comparison of the physiological parameters at each time point was conducted. A P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There was an initial drop (8.22\u2009\u00b1\u20092.60%) followed by a recovery in CBF after exercise, while Y<\/jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> revealed a significant decrease (6.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92%), i.e., an increased oxygen extraction, and returned to baseline at later time points. CMRO2<\/jats:sub> showed a trend of increase (5.68\u2009\u00b1\u20093.04%) and a significant interaction between time and group. In addition, E<\/jats:italic> increased significantly (3.86%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.89) and returned to baseline level at later time points, while PS remained elevated (13.33\u2009\u00b1\u20094.79%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>A single bout of moderate aerobic exercise can induce acute alterations in cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and BBB permeability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,3]],"date-time":"2024-08-03T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1722694241000},"page":"1470-1479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MR<\/scp> Assessment of Acute Changes of Cerebral Perfusion, Metabolism, and Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Permeability in Response to Aerobic Exercise"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6114-4111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yizhe","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Russell H. 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