{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:49:24Z","timestamp":1777038564778,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kidney transplant is the treatment of choice for patients with end\u2010stage renal disease. Early detection of allograft injury is important to delay or prevent irreversible damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the feasibility of hyperpolarized (HP) [1\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]pyruvate MRI for assessing kidney allograft metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six participants (mean age, 45.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.4\u2009years, two females) scheduled for kidney allograft biopsy and five patients (mean age, 59.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4\u2009years, two females) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three Tesla, T2\u2010weighted fast spin echo, multi\u2010echo gradient echo, single shot diffusion\u2010weighted echo\u2010planar imaging, and time\u2010resolved HP <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C metabolite\u2010selective imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five of the six kidney allograft participants underwent biopsy after MRI. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein\u2010to\u2010creatine ratio (uPCR) were collected within 4\u2009weeks of MRI. Kidney metabolism was quantified from HP [1\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]pyruvate MRI using the lactate\u2010to\u2010pyruvate ratio in allograft kidneys and non\u2010tumor bearing kidneys from RCC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive statistics (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biopsy was performed a mean of 9\u2009days (range 5\u201319\u2009days) after HP [1\u2010<jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C]pyruvate MRI. Three biopsies were normal, one showed low\u2010grade fibrosis and one showed moderate microvascular inflammation. All had stable functioning allografts with eGFR &gt;60\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and normal uPCR. One participant who did not undergo biopsy had reduced eGFR of 49\u2009mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and elevated uPCR. The mean lactate\u2010to\u2010pyruvate ratio was 0.373 in participants with normal findings (N\u2009=\u20093) and 0.552 in participants with abnormal findings (N\u2009=\u20092). The lactate\u2010to\u2010pyruvate ratio was highest (0.847) in the participant with reduced eGFR and elevated uPRC. Native non\u2010tumor bearing kidneys had a mean lactate\u2010to\u2010pyruvate ratio of 0.309.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stable allografts with normal findings at biopsy showed lactate\u2010to\u2010pyruvate ratios similar to native non\u2010tumor bearing kidneys, whereas allografts with abnormal findings showed higher lactate\u2010to\u2010pyruvate ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T10:21:03Z","timestamp":1725618063000},"page":"1969-1978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Initial Experience of Metabolic Imaging With Hyperpolarized [1\u2010<scp><sup>13<\/sup>C<\/scp>]pyruvate <scp>MRI<\/scp> in Kidney Transplant Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0657-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010Chieh","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7069-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiang\u2010Cheng","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Laszik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco Medical Center  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4183-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peder E. 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