{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:26:30Z","timestamp":1788474390107,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WOODS19A0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WOODS19A0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI with xenon\u2010129 gas (Xe MRI) can assess airflow obstruction and heterogeneity in lung diseases. Specifically, Xe MRI may represent a sensitive modality for future therapeutic trials of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapies. The reproducibility of Xe MRI has not yet been assessed in the context of a multi\u2010site study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the same\u2010day repeatability and 28\u2010day reproducibility of Xe MRI in children with CF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four\u2010center prospective, longitudinal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight children (18 females, 47%), median interquartile range (IQR) age 12 (9\u201314) years old, with mild CF (forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) \u226585% predicted).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3\u2010T, two\u2010dimensional (2D) gradient\u2010echo (GRE) sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xe MRI, FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, and nitrogen multiple\u2010breath wash\u2010out for lung\u2010clearance index (LCI<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) were performed. To assess same\u2010day reproducibility, Xe MRI was performed twice within the first visit, and procedures were repeated at 28\u2009days. Xe hypoventilation was quantified using ventilation\u2010defect percentage (VDP) and reader\u2010defect volume (RDV). For VDP, hypoventilated voxels from segmented images were identified using a threshold of &lt;60% mean whole\u2010lung signal and expressed as a percentage of the lung volume. For RDV, hypoventilation was identified by two trained readers and expressed as a percentage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inter\u2010site comparisons were conducted using Kruskal\u2013Wallis nonparametric tests with Dunn's multiple\u2010comparisons tests. Differences for individuals were assessed using Wilcoxon matched\u2010pairs tests. Bland\u2013Altman tests were used to evaluate same\u2010day repeatability, 28\u2010day reproducibility, and inter\u2010reader agreement. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value \u22640.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> %\u2010predicted was 96.8% (86%\u2013106%), and median LCI<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was 6.6 (6.3\u20137.4). Xe MRI had high same\u2010day reproducibility (mean VDP difference 0.12%, 95% limits of agreement [\u22123.2, 3.4]; mean RDV difference 0.42% [\u22122.5, 3.3]). At 28\u2009days, 26\/31 participants (84%) fell within the same\u2010day 95% limits of agreement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Xe MRI may offer excellent same\u2010day and short\u2010term reproducibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T07:34:23Z","timestamp":1726040063000},"page":"1664-1674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Same\u2010Day Repeatability and 28\u2010Day Reproducibility of Xenon <scp>MRI<\/scp> Ventilation in Children With Cystic Fibrosis in a Multi\u2010Site Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5060-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura L.","family":"Walkup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0200-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Willmering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Zanette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Translational Medicine The Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giles","family":"Santyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Translational Medicine The Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5461-0646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean B.","family":"Fain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Froh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Stanojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zackary I.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio 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