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MRI can provide both similar and complementary image contrast to computed tomography for imaging the lung macrostructure, and beyond this, a number of techniques have been developed for imaging the key functions of the lungs, namely ventilation, perfusion, and gas exchange, through the use of free\u2010breathing proton and hyperpolarized gas MRI. Here, we review the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art in MRI methods that have found utility in pediatric and neonatal lung imaging, the structural and physiological information that can be gleaned from such images, and strategies that have been developed to deal with respiratory (and cardiac) motion, and other technological challenges. The application of lung MRI in neonatal and pediatric lung conditions, in particular bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cystic fibrosis, and asthma, is reviewed, highlighting our collective experiences in the clinical translation of these methods and technology, and the key current and future potential avenues for clinical utility of this methodology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 2<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T08:39:00Z","timestamp":1733474340000},"page":"2094-2115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pulmonary <scp>MRI<\/scp> in Newborns and Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8358-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"POLARIS, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine &amp; 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Population Health, Faculty of Health The University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"POLARIS, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine &amp; Population Health, Faculty of Health The University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark O.","family":"Wielp\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8080-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason C.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7246-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim M.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"POLARIS, Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine &amp; 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