{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:35:15Z","timestamp":1792510515648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0708700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0708700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have shown neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction in epilepsy, suggesting its role in the pathological mechanisms. However, it remains unclear whether NVC abnormalities exist in epilepsy of unknown etiology (EU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To integrate multiparametric MRI to assess NVC and its relationship with cognition in early\u2010onset and late\u2010onset EU patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010six <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content> patients (46 early\u2010onset, M\/F\u2009=\u200920\/26; 50 late\u2010onset, M\/F\u2009=\u200929\/21) and 60 healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCs<\/jats:styled-content>, M\/F\u2009=\u200925\/35).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.0\u2009T, resting\u2010state gradient echo\u2010planar imaging, pseudo\u2010continuous arterial spin labeling (pc\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASL<\/jats:styled-content>), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T1<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010weighted brain volume sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional MRI data were analyzed to assess intrinsic brain activity including amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity strength (FCS), while pc\u2010ASL provided cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements. Coupling correlation coefficients and ratios of CBF to neural activity were calculated to evaluate global and regional NVC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, Analysis of Variance, Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, Chi\u2010square test, Analysis of Covariance, family\u2010wise error\/<jats:italic>Bonferroni<\/jats:italic> correction, partial correlation analyses. Statistical significance was defined as <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole\u2010brain analysis revealed increased ALFF values in both patient groups' left precentral and postcentral gyri. Both patient groups had lower global NVC coefficients than HCs, with reduced CBF\u2010ALFF (0.28 vs. 0.30), CBF\u2010fALFF (0.43 vs. 0.45), and CBF\u2010ReHo (0.40 vs. 0.41) in early\u2010onset patients, and lower CBF\u2010fALFF (0.38 vs. 0.45) and CBF\u2010ReHo (0.32 vs. 0.41) in late\u2010onset patients. Regional analysis showed significantly decreased CBF\/ALFF ratios in the left precentral and postcentral gyri (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.85 to 5.33). Reduced global NVC in early\u2010onset patients was significantly associated with poorer executive function (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.323), while global coupling in late\u2010onset patients was negatively correlated with disease duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.348 to \u22120.426).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed abnormal global and regional NVC in both early\u2010onset and late\u2010onset EU patients, emphasizing the potential role of NVC in the pathophysiological mechanisms of EU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T11:01:27Z","timestamp":1734087687000},"page":"2489-2500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Neurovascular Coupling in Early\u2010Onset and Late\u2010Onset Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5464-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyue","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Human Phenome Institute Fudan University  Shanghai 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