{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:54:35Z","timestamp":1778122475760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional fast spin echo with 2\u2010point Dixon\u2010based fat suppression (3D\u2010FSE\u2010Dixon) sequence may assess volume and water fraction (WF) of orbit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the association between 3D\u2010FSE\u2010Dixon based parameters and methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPPT) efficacy in active moderate\u2010to\u2010severe thyroid\u2010associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010nine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAO<\/jats:styled-content> patients (29 females, 30 males, 49.1\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years) were included: 26 (15 females, 11 males, 48.4\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1\u2009years) showed improvement and 33 (14 females, 19 males, 49.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years) did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D\u2010FSE\u2010Dixon sequence of orbits at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>Manual segmentation delineated bony orbit (BO), whole orbit (WO), globe (GO), lacrimal gland (LG), and optic nerve (ON). Multi\u2010dimensional threshold (MDT) identified orbital fat (OF). Extraocular muscles (ETM) were obtained by subtracting other tissues from WO. WF was calculated from water and in\u2010phase images. Treatment efficacy, the clinical outcome, was assessed within 2\u2009weeks after MPPT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test compared normal and non\u2010normal data, respectively. Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test analyzed parameter changes pre\u2010 and post\u2010MPPT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified factors independently associated with the efficacy of MPPT. Significance was set at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responsive group showed significantly higher pre\u2010treatment WF (ETM, 0.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 vs. 0.82\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07; OF, 0.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 vs. 0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02), with no difference in volume (OF: 21.34\u2009\u00b1\u20093.33 vs. 21.36\u2009\u00b1\u20093.46, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00; ETM: 13.48\u2009\u00b1\u20092.82 vs. 13.72\u2009\u00b1\u20093.45, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00) or volume ratio (OF\/GO: 3.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 vs. 3.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00; ETM\/GO: 2.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58 vs. 2.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00). WF significantly decreased in responsive group (ETM, 0.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 vs. 0.79\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05; OF, 0.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 vs. 0.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03) but not decreased in unresponsive group (ETM, 0.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07 vs. 0.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00; OF, 0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 vs. 0.190\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.00). ETM WF and disease duration can assess MPPT efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher ETM WF demonstrates better MPPT efficacy for TAO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 4<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T04:20:59Z","timestamp":1743394859000},"page":"389-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of Orbital Soft Tissues Using Three\u2010Dimensional Fast Spin Echo With 2\u2010Point Dixon\u2010Based Fat Suppression Sequence: Its Association With Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy Treatment Efficacy in Thyroid\u2010Associated Ophthalmopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linhan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong 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