{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T03:13:39Z","timestamp":1783826019597,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002424","name":"Fujifilm Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in interstitial fluid (ISF) dynamics are potential contributors to idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Spectral diffusion analysis provides surrogate markers for ISF volume (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub>) and diffusivity (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> between patients with iNPH and healthy controls (HCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>34 patients with iNPH (24 males, 10 females; 76.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.6\u2009years) and 132 HCs (46 males, 86 females; 47.5\u2009\u00b1\u200916.9\u2009years; three age groups: &lt;\u200940\u2009years, 40\u201359\u2009years, and\u2009\u2265\u200960\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.0\u2009T\/Single\u2010shot spin\u2010echo echo\u2010planar imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> were computed using non\u2010negative least squares and measured in eight regions, including the centrum semiovale (CSO), frontal white matter (FWM), and lenticular nucleus (LN). The regions of interest of iNPH were categorized as either periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) regions (iNPH<jats:sub>PVH<\/jats:sub> group) or non\u2010PVH regions (iNPH group). <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> were compared among groups, and correlations with age were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kruskal\u2013Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparison post hoc test. Spearman correlation coefficient. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the CSO, iNPH<jats:sub>PVH<\/jats:sub> group <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> values (40.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200918.4%) exceeded those of other groups, while <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> values (1.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63 [\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s]) were significantly higher than those in younger HCs and the iNPH group. In the FWM, both <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> (53.0%\u2009\u00b1\u200918.9%) and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> (1.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.50 [\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s]) were significantly higher in the iNPH<jats:sub>PVH<\/jats:sub> group than in the other groups. In the LN, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>int<\/jats:sub> correlated positively with age, regardless of the iNPH group's inclusion (without iNPH, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2114; with iNPH, <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.3044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spectral diffusion analysis in iNPH demonstrated that ISF volume and diffusivity increased in PVH regions of the CSO and FWM, whereas ISF dynamics outside PVH regions may not differ significantly from those in HCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stage 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T11:10:39Z","timestamp":1751627439000},"page":"1092-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Interstitial Fluid Volume and Diffusivity in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Using Spectral Diffusion Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shota","family":"Ishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Science Kyoto University of Medical Science  Nantan Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Shiga University of Medical Science  Otsu 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