{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:16Z","timestamp":1786978036424,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The connection between cognition, eye, and brain remains inconclusive in Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To explore the relationship between cognitive function, retinal biometrics, and brain alterations in the AD spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n \n Healthy control (HC) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200916), subjective cognitive decline (SCD) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200935), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200918), and AD group (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20097).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3\u2010T, 3D T1\u2010weighted Brain Volume (BRAVO) and resting\u2010state functional MRI (fMRI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n In all subgroups, cortical thickness was measured from BRAVO and segmented using the Desikan\u2013Killiany\u2013Tourville (DKT) atlas. The fractional amplitude of low\u2010frequency fluctuations (FALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were measured in fMRI using voxel\u2010based analysis. The eye was imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), with the deep learning model FARGO segmenting the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and retinal vessels. FAZ area and perimeter, retinal blood vessels curvature (RBVC), thicknesses of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer\u2010inner plexiform layer (GCL\u2010IPL) were calculated. Cognition\u2013eye\u2013brain associations were compared across the HC group and each AD spectrum stage using multivariable linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Multivariable linear regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 with FWE correction for fMRI and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20091\/62 (Bonferroni\u2010corrected) for structural analyses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Reductions of\n FALFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n in temporal regions, especially the left superior temporal gyrus (\n STG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in\n MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, were linked to decreased\n RNFL<\/jats:styled-content>\n thickness and increased\n FAZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n area significantly. In\n AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, reduced\n ReHo<\/jats:styled-content>\n values in occipital regions, especially the right middle occipital gyrus (\n MOG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), were significantly associated with an enlarged\n FAZ<\/jats:styled-content>\n area. The\n SCD<\/jats:styled-content>\n group showed widespread cortical thickening significantly associated with all aforementioned retinal biometrics, with notable thickening in the right fusiform gyrus (\n FG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and right parahippocampal gyrus (\n PHG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) correlating with reduced\n GCL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n IPL<\/jats:styled-content>\n thickness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Brain function and structure may be associated with cognition and retinal biometrics across the AD spectrum. Specifically, cognition\u2013eye\u2013brain connections may be present in SCD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T12:14:31Z","timestamp":1752408871000},"page":"1119-1130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognition\u2013Eye\u2013Brain Connection in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum Revealed by Multimodal Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8968-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 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Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical & Technical Support Philips Healthcare Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renpuchi","family":"Ci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical 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