{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:40:09Z","timestamp":1792683609761,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82430065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82430065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82441012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82441012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2010000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2010000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2010005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2010005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2010006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Radiation\u2010free four\u2010dimensional (4D) dynamic ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE MRI) enables quantification of ventilation defects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To quantify pulmonary ventilation using 4D UTE MRI in PRISm and COPD populations, and determine its ability to distinguish PRISm from non\u2010COPD subjects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective, cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n 90 subjects (25 COPD, 31 PRISm, and 34 with normal spirometry).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n Four\u2010dimensional dynamic UTE MRI at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n All subjects underwent pulmonary function tests, paired inspiratory and expiratory chest CT, and 4D UTE MRI. Parametric response maps (PRM) were generated and voxels were classified as normal, emphysema, or functional small airway disease (fSAD). The percentage of low attenuation area (LAA%), PRM\n Emphy<\/jats:sup>\n % and PRM\n fSAD<\/jats:sup>\n % were determined. Ventilation defect maps were generated to derive ventilation defect percentage (VDP).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Kruskal\u2010Wallis test with Dunn\u2010Bonferroni post hoc correction was used. Agreement was assessed using Bland\u2013Altman plots (95% limits of agreement [LoA]). Correlations were analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n ). Significant predictors were identified through binary logistic regression. The significance threshold was set at\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n VDP in smokers with normal spirometry showed no significant differences compared to VDP in GOLD 1\u20132 COPD (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.98) or PRISm (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091). VDP mildly correlated with PRM\n Emphy<\/jats:sup>\n % (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.44), LAA% (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.38), and PRM\n fSAD<\/jats:sup>\n % (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.25). VDP (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.04\u20131.65) was a significant predictor for PRISm. The inter\u2010modality agreement demonstrated minimal systematic bias with mean differences of 0 (95% LoA: \u22122.41 to 2.41) for observer 1 and 0 (95% LoA: \u22122.45 to 2.45) for observer 2.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Free\u2010breathing 4D UTE MRI objectively quantifies total ventilation defects and may serve as a potential imaging tool for identifying early abnormalities in subjects at risk of PRISm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n \n Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (\n http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\n ), Registration number: ChiCTR2400094100\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T15:35:18Z","timestamp":1757000118000},"page":"1866-1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantification of Lung Ventilation Using Four\u2010Dimensional Dynamic Ultrashort Echo Time\n MRI<\/scp>\n for Differentiating Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry From Non\u2010Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University Shanghai China"},{"name":"College of Health 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