{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:23:41Z","timestamp":1789025021723,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ\u2010MSX0899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ\u2010MSX0899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371937"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371937"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules is important for treatment planning and prognostic, yet an ideal method is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To investigate whether microstructural parameters from time\u2010dependent diffusion MRI (td\u2010dMRI) can accurately distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Single\u2010center, prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n 232 participants (median age, 48.0\u2009years; IQR, 34.0\u201353.0) with pathologically diagnosed thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3.0 T td\u2010dMRI with two oscillating gradient spin\u2010echo sequences and one pulsed gradient spin\u2010echo sequence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Histopathology was the reference standard for benign and malignant nodules identification. Clinical factors (sex, age, lesion location, and tumor size) and td\u2010dMRI\u2010derived parameters (cell diameter, cellularity, intracellular volume fraction, extracellular diffusivity, and ADCs) were analyzed via univariate and multivariate regression. Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI\u2010RADS) model and two combined models integrating significant clinical and td\u2010dMRI features with and without TI\u2010RADS were developed and compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The DeLong test was used to compare model AUCs. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) tests were employed for performance comparison. A\n p<\/jats:italic>\n value <\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Tumor size (maximum diameter) (odds ratio [OR], 0.309) and cellularity (OR, 2.430) from td\u2010dMRI were independently associated with malignant thyroid nodules. The AUC of the combined model based on the two features was not significantly different to that of TI\u2010RADS alone (0.847 vs. 0.891,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.169). The combined model integrating tumor maximum diameter, cellularity, and TI\u2010RADS significantly improved diagnostic accuracy compared to TI\u2010RADS alone (AUC: 0.941 vs. 0.891; IDI\u2009=\u20090.134 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.085\u20130.183]; NRI\u2009=\u20090.762 [95% CI, 0.522\u20130.979]).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The combined model integrating tumor maximum diameter, cellularity based on td\u2010dMRI, and TI\u2010RADS has the potential to differentiate between benign thyroid nodules and PTC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T06:26:02Z","timestamp":1755757562000},"page":"1649-1660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differentiating Benign Thyroid Nodules and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Time\u2010Dependent Diffusion\n MRI<\/scp>\n : A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8261-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Research Collaborations Siemens Healthineers Ltd. 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