{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:56:26Z","timestamp":1762876586794,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TP210003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP210003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01NS094444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS094444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sport\u2010related concussion (SRC) can be associated with glymphatic system dysfunction that may be assessed using the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI\u2010ALPS) index. Here, DTI\u2010ALPS between adolescent athletes within 10\u2009days of SRC and after recovery with control adolescents are compared, and associations between the DTI\u2010ALPS and clinical outcomes are explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective case control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010five SRC participants (diagnosed according to the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport guidelines; 42.9% female, mean age 15.31\u2009years) and 34 controls (44.1% female, mean age 15.79\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D DTI using an echo\u2010planar imaging sequence at 3T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI, self\u2010report questionnaires, and a physical examination were conducted within 10\u2009days of SRC (at recruitment for controls) and 2\u2009weeks after clinical recovery (1\u2009month for controls). The physical examination consisted of balance and vision assessments, including near\u2010point convergence. Mean, left, and right DTI\u2010ALPS were calculated and compared between groups and visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Independent and paired t\u2010tests assessed group DTI\u2010ALPS indices at Visit 1 and Visit 2 and between visits, respectively. A\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;\u20090.05 was significant. Linear regressions assessed associations between DTI\u2010ALPS and demographic\/clinical variables. A Bonferroni\u2010corrected\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value of &lt;\u20090.0167 was significant. Groups did not differ significantly at Visit 1 for mean, left, or right (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.843, 0.533, 0.744) DTI\u2010ALPS or at Visit 2 (mean\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.827, left\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.706, right\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.992). There were no significant changes between visits for the SRC (mean\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.946, left\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.787, right\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.888) or control groups (mean\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.777, left\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.791, right\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.813). Near\u2010point convergence and right DTI\u2010ALPS were significantly associated in the SRC group at Visit 1, but significance was not retained after correction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040, beta\u2009=\u20090.111,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.137).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DTI\u2010ALPS index may not be an indicator of glymphatic dysfunction in adolescent athletes within 10\u2009days of SRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T08:29:53Z","timestamp":1755678593000},"page":"1663-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of the\n                    <scp>DTI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>ALPS<\/scp>\n                    Index in Adolescents With Sport\u2010Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Program Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haley M.","family":"Chizuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Bergsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Imaging University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Muldoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Program Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Schweser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Center 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