{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:16:32Z","timestamp":1790226992204,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000346","name":"Ataxia UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGL21\/10079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGL21\/10079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000346","name":"Ataxia UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGL22\/100041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGL22\/100041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE0000006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008721","name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The loss of smell (anosmia) has been noted in numerous diseases, including COVID\u201019. Inflammatory and microstructural alterations are possible underlying mechanisms of anosmia in COVID\u201019. However, no atlas exists to study olfaction and the associated tissue property changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop the sense of smell (SoS) atlas, including gray matter regions and white matter tracts of the olfactory circuit, to investigate the underpinnings of COVID\u201019 related anosmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the SoS atlas, high\u2010resolution tractograms of 10 healthy controls (HC) of the Human Connectome Project (7 females, 22\u201335\u2009years) were used. The SoS atlas was applied to 8 subjects with persistent anosmia following COVID\u201019 (COVID\u2010P, 7 females, 52\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years), 19 subjects that recovered from COVID\u201019 anosmia (COVID\u2010R, 14 females, 38\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009years), and 17 HC (8 females, 39\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3\u2009T, 3D inversion recovery, 3D fast field echo, and spin\u2010echo echo\u2010planar imaging sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To create the SoS atlas, regions were identified and tracts were extracted via tractography following biological constraints. MRI metrics sensitive to alterations in neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, myelin and macromolecular density, and iron were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Region\u2010based analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value &lt;\u20090.05, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected) and voxel\u2010based analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value &lt;\u20090.001 uncorrected, FDR\u2010corrected cluster extent\u2009=\u20095 voxels) were performed on 15 multisequence\u2010MRI metrics between the three groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SoS atlas consisted of 35 regions and, after anatomical curation, the initial 506 tracts were refined to 78. Compared to HC, COVID\u2010P presented alterations in neuroinflammation\u2010related (mean: 41% of total alterations) and axonal degeneration\u2010related (31%) MRI metrics, while COVID\u2010R presented alterations of myelin\u2010related metrics (68%). COVID\u2010P alterations mainly affected the hindbrain (56%), while COVID\u2010R the hindbrain (39%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A novel tool, the SoS atlas, was developed to study the olfactory system and applied in combination with multisequence\u2010MRI metrics to investigate the mechanisms of COVID\u201019 related anosmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T04:55:25Z","timestamp":1759553725000},"page":"574-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Sense of Smell (\n                    <scp>SoS<\/scp>\n                    ) Atlas: Its Creation and First Application to Investigate\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Related Anosmia With a Comprehensive Quantitative\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gaviraghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4519-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fusari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Baiguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Monteverdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Neuroscience Centre IRCCS Mondino Foundation  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Battiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"ASG Superconductors s.p.a.  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