{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:49:59Z","timestamp":1792090199353,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) raises fracture risk. Longitudinal changes in cortical porosity during diabetes progression are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess, using ultra short echo time (UTE)\u2010MRI for tibia cortical porosity and geometry changes in T1DM rabbit model, using micro\u2010CT (\u03bcCT) and bone remodeling biomarkers as reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal, animal model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animal Model<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010eight male Japanese white rabbits (age: 8\u201310\u2009weeks, weight: 2.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u2009kg) randomized to diabetic (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916) and control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912) subgroups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3\u2009T; 3D dual\u2010echo UTE and 3D inversion recovery (IR)\u2010UTE sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UTE\u2010MRI were performed at baseline and multiple timepoints. Porosity index (PI), suppression ratio (SR), and cortical thickness were assessed accordingly via the signal intensity (SI) at echo time (TE) at 2.2 and 0.032\u2009ms, SI of UTE to IR\u2010UTE of TE at 0.032\u2009ms, and based on geometric modeling. \u03bcCT\u2010derived porosity, pore diameter, and cortical thickness were conducted at week 24. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyzed bone remodeling markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group comparisons were made using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests\/Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Spearman correlation coefficients (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) assessed the strength of the associations between PI and bone markers. A\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      24\u2010week T1DM rabbits had significantly UTE\u2010MRI\u2010measured higher cortical porosity (0.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 vs. 0.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04) and lower cortical thickness (0.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 vs. 1.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18) than the control group, consistent with \u03bcCT measurements. PI was significantly positively correlated with \u03bcCT\u2010measured porosity and pore diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.91, 0.69, respectively), while SR showed no correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.11;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.25,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.25). PI increased significantly in T1DM rabbits from week 12 compared to the controls (0.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 vs. 0.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04). The lower osteoblast and osteoclast\u2010related cell numbers and expression were negatively correlated with PI in diabetic rabbits (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.871 to \u22120.625).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UTE\u2010MRI has the potential to longitudinally monitor and identify early reversible cortical porosity and geometric changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  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