{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:02:52Z","timestamp":1791874972403,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier (\n BBB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), potentially influencing disease progression and cognitive function.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate voxel\u2010wise\n BBB<\/jats:styled-content>\n permeability differences among\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , non\u2010\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and healthy controls (\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) using dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n DCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and explore associations with disease activity and cognitive function.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Multicenter, cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n 22 NPSLE patients, 24 non\u2010NPSLE patients, and 27 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched HC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3.0 Tesla, GE: 3D T1\u2010FSPGR, DCE\u2010LAVA\u2010Flex sequences; Philips: 3D T1\u2010FFE, eTHRIVE sequences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Post\u2010processing of DCE\u2010MRI images was conducted to calculate the volume transfer constant (K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n ) and plasma volume fraction (V\n p<\/jats:sub>\n ) maps, which were transformed to Montreal Neurological Institute space. Brain regions were defined using the Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) atlas. Group differences among NPSLE, non\u2010NPSLE, and HC were assessed. Mean K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n \/V\n p<\/jats:sub>\n values from suprathreshold clusters were evaluated for associations with the Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Mean K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n \/V\n p<\/jats:sub>\n from corresponding AAL regions was extracted for further validation of the observed correlations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Voxel\u2010wise ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test; Spearman correlation and linear regression. Threshold: Voxel\u2010wise\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, cluster size >\u200920; group comparisons\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A significantly elevated K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n was observed in the right caudate of\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients compared to non\u2010\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients, and hippocampal K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n was significantly higher in\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n than both non\u2010\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Both\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n and non\u2010\n NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients exhibited widespread significant increases in V\n p<\/jats:sub>\n compared to\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In the entire\n SLE<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort, right caudate K\n trans<\/jats:sup>\n was positively associated with\n SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.43,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n \n 2<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.18) and negatively associated with\n MoCA<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores (\n \u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.35,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n \n 2<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20090.12) after adjusting for confounding factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study provided voxel\u2010level evidence linking regional BBB leakage to both disease activity and cognitive impairment in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T08:39:42Z","timestamp":1759567182000},"page":"596-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Function With Disease Activity and Cognitive Function in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3337-517X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1024-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3691-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE Healthcare Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3928-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuojun","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifeng","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Handan Central Hospital Handan Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yiling Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4260-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","article-title":"An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management","volume":"14","author":"Ameer M. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102911"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"2156","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Attribution and Clinical Significance","volume":"31","author":"Hanly J. G.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.210045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2023-000920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3929-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319887793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091276"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"470","article-title":"Alterations in Blood\u2010Brain Barrier Permeability in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Chi J. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e1515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1078607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199909)10:3<223::AID-JMRI2>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.852835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200110)45:5<419::AID-ART360>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-015-0062-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"B. D.Ward \u201cSimultaneous Inference for fMRI Data \u201d2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000097609.66185.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2014-000074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6232-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-024-00448-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.571480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200302070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2228-7477.137029"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70143","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmri.70143","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:05:40Z","timestamp":1770912340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.70143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.70143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.70143","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}