{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T08:01:54Z","timestamp":1782028914817,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12375291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12375291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFA1607502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA1607502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Although quantitative\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n can provide objective biomarkers for brain maturation assessment, unpredictable fetal movement limits its application on fetuses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate single\u2010shot multiple overlapping\u2010echo detachment (\n MOLED<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) imaging for fetal brain\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n relaxometry and to quantify fetal brain maturation using\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n relaxation time.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Phantom and prospective in\u00a0vivo assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n T2 phantom and 52 fetuses (mean gestational age [GA], 30.94\u2009\u00b1\u20093.62\u2009weeks; range, 23\u201337\u2009weeks).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3T; half\u2010Fourier acquisition single\u2010shot turbo spin\u2010echo (HASTE) and MOLED sequences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n The accuracy, motion robustness, and repeatability of 8\u2010s MOLED T2 relaxometry were assessed using motion\u2010free and motion phantom acquisitions. In 15 fetuses, the MOLED scan was repeated within 5\u2009min to assess scan\u2010rescan repeatability. Regional T2 values were determined in fetal white matter (WM), deep gray matter (dGM) and brainstem, and their changes with GA evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Bland\u2013Altman analysis, linear regression analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient,\n r<\/jats:italic>\n ), coefficient of variation, repeated\u2010measures analysis of variance, and intraclass correlation coefficient.\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Motion\u2010free and motion phantom acquisitions demonstrated that\n MOLED T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly agreed with reference\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.99). In\u00a0vivo studies reported mean\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n values for all fetuses (\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 215.20\u2009ms;\n dGM<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 145.82\u2009ms; brainstem, 125.80\u2009ms). Scan\u2013rescan acquisitions showed non\u2010significant mean\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n differences (bias <\u20091%; limits of agreement, \u22128.51% to +7.78%). Regional\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n values showed significant negative correlations (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n , \u22120.85 to \u22120.60) with\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The brainstem exhibited a significantly higher rate of\n GA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010related\n T2<\/jats:styled-content>\n change (3.43\u2009ms per week) than\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n dGM<\/jats:styled-content>\n (2.19 and 2.89\u2009ms per week, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n MOLED imaging appears to allow motion\u2010robust, clinically feasible, and highly repeatable\u00a0T2 measurements for the whole fetal brain in 8\u2009s. Regional differences in T2 values and age\u2010related T2 changes demonstrate its potential for quantifying in utero brain maturation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T18:36:46Z","timestamp":1761763006000},"page":"748-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High\u2010Fidelity\n T2<\/scp>\n Relaxometry of the Developing Fetal Brain Using an\n 8\u2010Second<\/scp>\n Single\u2010Shot Multiple Overlapping\u2010Echo Detachment (\n MOLED<\/scp>\n )\n MRI<\/scp>\n Technique"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Nuowei","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0987-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4892-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9303-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Sciences University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congbo","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8281-9401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2767-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhui","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance Xiamen University Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9148-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"MRI of Normal Brain Maturation","volume":"7","author":"Holland B. 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