{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1783574699553,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["232102311091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102311091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents with early neurodevelopmental alterations in preschool children, yet comprehensive characterization using multimodal quantitative MRI remains limited in this age group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To investigate voxel\u2010wise brain microstructural differences in preschool ASD through integrated analysis of cerebral perfusion, multiparametric relaxometry, and magnetic susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective case\u2013control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n Twenty nine\u2010children with ASD (age 2\u20136\u2009years; 23 males\/6 females) and 25 age\u2010\/sex\u2010matched healthy controls (HC).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3.0\u2009T MRI; high\u2010resolution 3D\u2010T1WI, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), synthetic MRI (SyMRI), 3D pseudo\u2010continuous arterial spin labeling (3D\u2010pCASL).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Clinical assessments included the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Imaging analysis consisted of voxel\u2010wise whole\u2010brain assessment of QSM, T1\/T2\/PD, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n General linear models with cluster\u2010based thresholding were applied for group comparison; Spearman's rank correlation with Bonferroni correction was used for clinical associations; and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with Delong's test was performed to compare diagnostic performance based on the areas under the curve (AUCs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared to HC, children with ASD showed decreased QSM values in the left superior\/middle frontal gyri (SFG\/MFG; cluster\u2009=\u2009212 voxels, peak\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20095.55,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). They also had reduced T1 relaxation times in bilateral SFG\/MFG\/precentral\/postcentral gyri (four clusters: 315\u2013750 voxels, peak\n T<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20095.11\u20135.88, all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). QSM values in the left SFG\/MFG correlated positively with fine motor scores (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.630,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), while T1 values in the bilateral precentral\/postcentral gyri correlated with gross motor scores (right:\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.548,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002; left:\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.461,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.012). ROC analysis showed high diagnostic accuracy for both QSM (left SFG\/MFG AUC\u2009=\u20090.858) and T1 values (left SFG\/MFG AUC\u2009=\u20090.905; bilateral precentral\/postcentral gyri AUC\u2009=\u20090.892\u20130.908).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Preschool ASD demonstrates prefrontal iron deficiency (reduced QSM) and sensorimotor myelination alterations (decreased T1), which correlate with motor deficits and show high diagnostic efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:00:40Z","timestamp":1768568440000},"page":"1053-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Brain Microstructural Alterations in Preschool Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Voxel\u2010Wise Multimodal\n MRI<\/scp>\n Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1952-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7139-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Neuroimaging Zhengzhou 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