{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:18:38Z","timestamp":1790882318028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH HL146689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH HL146689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2D multi\u2010slice MRI techniques for evaluating regional ventilation in neonatal lung diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), have limited through\u2010plane resolution, potentially missing heterogeneous lung abnormalities. 3D ultra\u2010short echo time (UTE) MRI phase\u2010resolved functional lung (PREFUL) improves spatial resolution but has not been used to evaluate infants with BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To demonstrate the feasibility of 3D UTE MRI for structural and functional assessment in infants with BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 28 infants with BPD (female: male\u2009=\u20098:20; 14 required invasive ventilation at MRI, 14 required non\u2010invasive ventilation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Free\u2010breathing, respiratory bellows\u2010gated (acquired 1.19\u20131.25\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      isotropic) 3D gradient echo UTE MRI on a 1.5\u2009T scanner.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Images were retrospectively reconstructed into 24 respiratory phases with motion\u2010resolved reconstruction using compressed sensing. Regional ventilation (RVent), flow\u2010volume loop cross correlation metric (FVL\u2010CM), and corresponding ventilation defect maps (VDP\n                      <jats:sub>RVent<\/jats:sub>\n                      , VDP\n                      <jats:sub>FVL\u2010CM<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and the combination, VDP\n                      <jats:sub>combined<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were derived using the 3D PREFUL method. Structural lung abnormalities were assessed by two readers using a modified Ochiai scoring system, and parenchyma was defined as normal intensity, hypointense, or hyperintense.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      Test, Spearman's correlation, and the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test with Dunn's multiple\u2010comparisons tests were used. Statistical significance was defined as\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the mechanically ventilated infants VDP\n                      <jats:sub>FVL\u2010CM<\/jats:sub>\n                      (median [IQR]\u2009=\u200945.8 [28.5\u201355.9]%) and VDP\n                      <jats:sub>combined<\/jats:sub>\n                      (57.2% [35.2\u201369.3]%) were significantly higher as compared to non\u2010ventilated patients (VDP\n                      <jats:sub>FVL\u2010CM<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200922.8% [17.2\u201334.7]% and VDP\n                      <jats:sub>combined<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200930.7 [25.1\u201343.9]%). All PREFUL MRI VDP measures significantly correlated with total lung score (all\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.45). RVent was significantly lower in hyperintense regions (0.06 [0.04\u20130.08] mL\/mL) compared to normal intensity regions (0.09 [0.07\u20130.13] mL\/mL), whereas FVL\u2010CM was significantly decreased in hypointense regions (79 [66\u201387]%) compared to normal (92 [90\u201395]%) and hyperintense regions (91 [81\u201396]%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UTE MRI is feasible for assessing regional functional lung abnormalities in infants with BPD that directly correlate with reader\u2010based assessments of parenchymal disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T02:09:23Z","timestamp":1765591763000},"page":"970-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structural and Functional Lung Assessment in Neonates With Moderate to Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Using\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    Ultra\u2010Short Echo Time\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7053-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samal","family":"Munidasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio 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