{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:26:54Z","timestamp":1770834414768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Skeletal muscle blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI is a technique for assessing vascular function in peripheral limbs. In patients, however, an increased frequency of atypical response patterns has been observed, warranting investigation into its underlying causes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To explore the dynamics of cuff\u2010induced ischemia and reactive hyperemia with BOLD MRI, focusing on the occurrence, quantification, and interpretation of frequent atypical cuff\u2010induced response patterns.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Secondary assessment of prospectively collected datasets.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n Seventeen peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients (age: 64\u201380\u2009years, ankle\u2010brachial index (ABI) range: 0.4\u20130.8), 8 age\u2010matched controls (age: 64\u201382\u2009years, ABI range: 1\u20131.2), and 14 young controls (age: 22\u201339\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \u2010weighted multi\u2010echo gradient\u2010echo sequence with 11 equidistant echo\u2010times at 3T.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n A transverse slice of the calf was imaged repeatedly during an upper\u2010thigh cuff compression cycle consisting of 1\u2010min baseline, 5\u2010min arterial occlusion (cuff inflated) and 5\u2010min reactive hyperemia (cuff deflated). \u2010mapping with ROI\u2010wise analysis of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles produced \u2010time curves and previously established metrics, including the hyperemic upslope () and time\u2010to\u2010peak (TTP) were assessed. The time\u2010curves were surveyed to identify the frequency and type of deviations from expected. \u2010time curves of soleus were further analyzed by fitting a parameterized function to derive additional metrics including depth of the undershoot on cuff release and deviation from a monotonic T2* decrease. Ankle\u2010brachial index (ABI) served as a clinical reference for comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Non\u2010parametric 2\u2010tailed Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests to assess differences between patients and age\u2010matched controls. A\n p<\/jats:italic>\n value <\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Atypical cuff\u2010induced response patterns in PAD patients included a negative cuff\u2010induced transient (42%, soleus) and non\u2010monotonic declines in during cuffing (58%, soleus). While these contributed to increased variabilities in patients, (\u22120.63\u2009ms\/s) and TTP (62.8\u2009s) between patients and age\u2010matched controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n HS\n up<\/jats:sub>\n and TTP provided means to quantify calf muscle responses to cuffing. Specific cases of non\u2010monotonous decrease during cuffing suggest the detection of venous valve leakages in inter\u2010muscular veins. Insufficient cuff pressure produced curves with absent ischemic plateau and weak hyperemic responses, the recognition of which is important to prevent physiological misinterpretations of curves and derived metrics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:36:44Z","timestamp":1769614604000},"page":"813-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Dynamics of Ischemia and Reactive Hyperemia With Skeletal Muscle Blood Oxygen Level Dependent\n MRI<\/scp>\n in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease, Age\u2010Matched Controls, and Young Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-6360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Arvidsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Sciences Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Sciences Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-5890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Jalnefjord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Sciences Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edvin","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antaros Medical M\u00f6lndal Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Nordanstig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Lagerstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Sciences Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.605717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00009.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2043-9113-5-S1-S2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-2976.000184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-023-01105-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S6759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1168-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00481.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"D. 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