{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:07:35Z","timestamp":1790222855671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3D T1 may assess the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) congestion, yet its role in the intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) therapy remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate SOV congestion by 3D T1 in thyroid eye disease (TED) and explore its correlation with IVGC therapeutic response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred thirty\u2010three TED patients, classified as 80 IVGC responders (45.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.9\u2009years, 32 males) and 53 non\u2010responders (47.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.7\u2009years, 23 males); 290 healthy controls (HCs) (47.9\u2009\u00b1\u200916.4\u2009years, 145 males).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3\u2009T; 3D T1\u2010weighted spoiled gradient\u2010recalled echo, T2 iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetric and least\u2010squares estimation, and fat\u2010suppressed (FS) T2 mapping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SOV diameter (mm), along with the volume ratio, FS T2 relaxation time (T2RT [ms]), and water fraction (WF [%]) of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) and orbital fat (OF) were manually measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test, Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, one\u2010way analysis of variance, interclass correlation coefficient, and correlation analysis.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 defined statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TED patients presented significantly larger SOV diameters than HCs (2.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45 vs. 1.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26). Among them, the responsive group had significantly larger baseline SOV diameters (2.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49 vs. 2.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.39), along with higher FS T2RT (71.30\u2009\u00b1\u200914.32 vs. 67.65\u2009\u00b1\u200913.33) and WF (79.31\u2009\u00b1\u200913.68 vs. 75.17\u2009\u00b1\u200914.47) in the EOMs compared to the nonresponsive group. The SOV diameter demonstrated moderate\u2010to\u2010good positive correlations with FS T2RT (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.59) and WF (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.67) in responders. Following IVGC therapy, a significant reduction in SOV diameter was observed exclusively in the responsive group (2.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.49 vs. 1.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients exhibiting more severe SOV congestion showed a better response to IVGC therapy, potentially due to an enhanced inflammatory state in the EOMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T08:37:24Z","timestamp":1766479044000},"page":"959-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Superior Ophthalmic Vein Congestion in Thyroid Eye Disease: Assessment With\n                    <scp>3D T1<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Weighted Imaging and Association With Intravenous Glucocorticoid Therapy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Linhan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei 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