{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:03:24Z","timestamp":1775801004819,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC240890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC240890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Non\u2010contrast renal MR angiography (MRA) is valuable for patients who cannot receive contrast agents or when avoiding radiation is desired. However, the conventional inflow inversion recovery (IFIR) method is limited by incomplete background suppression, venous contamination, and motion sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To develop and evaluate a non\u2010subtractive arterial spin labeling\u2010based (NSASL) sequence for renal MRA and compare it with IFIR in healthy volunteers, with exploratory feasibility assessment relative to contrast\u2010enhanced (CE)\u2010MRA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n Thirty healthy volunteers (10 male, 35.6\u2009\u200914.0\u2009years) and six participants with renal diseases or high blood pressure (2 male, 62.7\u2009\u20099.03\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 1.5\u2009T; 3D stack\u2010of\u2010stars balanced steady\u2010state free precession (bSSFP) NSASL MRA, 3D Cartesian bSSFP IFIR MRA, and CE\u2010MRA.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Three radiologists independently rated image quality (main and branch renal arteries visualization, motion artifacts, vessel\u2010to\u2010background contrast, diagnostic confidence) on a 5\u2010point scale. SNR efficiency (or SNR and time) and contrast ratio (CR) were also measured.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Intraclass coefficient (ICC), Shapiro\u2013Wilk's test, paired Student's\n t\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n test, and Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test with Bonferroni correction, with\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n ICC was good to excellent (ICC\u2009=\u20090.61\u20130.89) for average subjective scores. Compared with IFIR, NSASL showed significantly better vessel\u2010to\u2010background contrast (approximately fivefold increase in CR, Cohen's |\n d<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20092.54; +1 subjective score, |\n r<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20090.88), improved renal arteries visualization (+0.7 points, |\n r<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20090.67, corrected\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u20090.003), fewer motion artifacts (+0.6 points, |\n r<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20090.67, corrected\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002), and higher diagnostic confidence (+0.6 points, |\n r<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20090.80, corrected\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Acquisition time was reduced from 267.3\u2009\u00b1\u200969.0\u2009s to 240.2\u2009\u00b1\u200951.3\u2009s (Cohen's |\n d<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20090.54, corrected\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.018) while SNR efficiency was moderately lower (~26%, Cohen's |\n d<\/jats:italic>\n |\u2009=\u20091.99, corrected\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). In participants with disease, NSASL yielded similar diagnostic confidence to CE\u2010MRA (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20094, +0.7 points,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.194) and to CTA (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092, \u22120.2 points,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.317).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n NSASL significantly outperformed IFIR, with improved background suppression, vessel conspicuity, motion tolerance, and scan time in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:49:31Z","timestamp":1768405771000},"page":"1435-1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010Subtractive Arterial Spin Labeling\u2010Based (\n NSASL<\/scp>\n ) Renal Magnetic Resonance Angiography (\n MRA<\/scp>\n ): Development and Clinical Feasibility Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4824-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9591-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Ningbo Number 2 Hospital Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ningbo Number 2 Hospital Ningbo Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jichang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Xingaoyi Medical Equipment Co. 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