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This review focuses on the electrical conductivity and provides a comprehensive overview of applications across both low\u2010 and high\u2010frequency regimes. At low frequencies (below 1\u2009MHz), conductivity mapping primarily reflects tissue microstructure and ionic composition. In contrast, at high frequencies (around 100\u2009MHz), tissue conductivity primarily reflects ionic composition. First, we summarize the theoretical foundations, technical developments, and reconstruction algorithms that underpin conductivity imaging, highlighting advances in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography, current density imaging, and electrical properties tomography. The main part of the article discusses preclinical and clinical applications, demonstrating the potential and possible roles of conductivity imaging in clinical settings, along with current challenges and emerging applications. Finally, we outline future directions toward integrating conductivity imaging into routine MRI protocols, with the potential to enhance diagnostic precision and therapeutic monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:17:27Z","timestamp":1772965047000},"page":"1224-1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Applications of Electrical Conductivity Imaging Using\n                    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Engineering Yonsei University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jierong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias I.","family":"Giannakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York 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