{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T05:07:32Z","timestamp":1783832852860,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R41EB025729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41EB025729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44EB025729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44EB025729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EB031886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EB031886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA283663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA283663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n In chronic liver disease, fat and fibroinflammatory changes often coexist. However, their biomarkers, proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , are typically assessed separately. Their reproducibility under mutual confounding remains unclear.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess multicenter, multi\u2010vendor reproducibility of confounder\u2010corrected chemical shift\u2010encoded (CSE)\u2010MRI\u2010based PDFF mapping and MOLLI\u2010based T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n mapping using a combined PDFF\u2010T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n phantom.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective phantom study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Phantom<\/jats:title>\n \n Commercial PDFF\u2010T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n Phantom (Model 725) with varying PDFF (0%\u201330%) and T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n (200\u20131400 ms) values.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n 1.5\u2009T and 3\u2009T multi\u2010echo, three\u2010dimensional spoiled\u2010gradient\u2010echo (SGRE) sequence for PDFF mapping, and MOLLI sequence (5(3)3 acquisition scheme) using two\u2010dimensional SGRE readouts for T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n mapping across four centers and vendors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n PDFF and T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n maps were acquired using standardized protocols. PDFF maps were reconstructed locally, while T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n maps were generated using a centralized algorithm. All maps were quantitatively analyzed by a single radiologist using standardized region\u2010of\u2010interest placement. Phantom temporal stability was assessed at one center across five sessions over 9\u2009months (baseline, retest, 1\u2009week, 6 and 9\u2009months).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), reproducibility coefficients (RDC), and linear regression analysis were used. A\n p<\/jats:italic>\n value <\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n PDFF showed overall excellent reproducibility (ICC\u2009=\u20090.987, RDC\u2009=\u20093.7%), with increased variability at higher T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n values (RDC up to 7.9% at T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20091400\u2009ms). T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n mapping showed good reproducibility in the absence of fat (RDC 16\u2013161\u2009ms at PDFF\u2009=\u20090%), but moderate to poor reproducibility in the presence of fat, with RDC increasing up to 1553\u2009ms at PDFF 30%. Temporal stability was excellent ICC\u2009\u2265\u20090.998 for both PDFF and T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , and RDC of 1.1%\u20131.3% for PDFF and 52\u201357\u2009ms for T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This phantom study demonstrated high reproducibility of PDFF, whereas T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n reproducibility deteriorated at higher fat and T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n levels, underscoring the need for fat\u2010corrected T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n mapping for reliable assessment of fibroinflammatory changes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T12:03:39Z","timestamp":1779278619000},"page":"482-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross\u2010Vendor Validation of Proton Density Fat Fraction and\n \n T\n 1<\/sub>\n <\/scp>\n Mapping Using a Combined Proton Density Fat Fraction\u2014\n T1<\/scp>\n Phantom"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitka","family":"Starekova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin 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