{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T20:29:25Z","timestamp":1786566565971,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06 RR018898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR018898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EB031790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EB031790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Clinical\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010weighted (T2W) MRI of prostate cancer (PCa) usually implements a 2D fast\u2010spin\u2010echo (FSE) sequence, but understanding the echo\u2010time\u2010dependent contrast behavior is not straightforward due to the complicated FSE signal evolution. Consequently, consensus\u2010based recommendations on the optimal effective echo time (TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n ) to maximize contrast are lacking.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate the effect of TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n on PCa lesion contrast in prostate T2W MRI.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Phantom and in\u00a0vivo prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n A standard MRI phantom and 53 prostate cancer patients (29 for image evaluation and 24 for quantitative lesion analysis).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength and Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n Multi\u2010slice T2W FSE sequence at 3\u2009T acquired at multiple TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n values.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Three readers (13, 25, and 27\u2009years' experience) evaluated TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009100\u2009ms versus 150\u2009ms on diagnostic quality and reader preference. The effective\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n relaxation rates (\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2,eff<\/jats:sub>\n ) were measured using FSE sequences in the phantom and used to predict the optimal TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n maximizing T2W contrasts. From multi\u2010TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n scans of subjects with suspected PCa,\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2,eff<\/jats:sub>\n values of PCa lesions and healthy tissue were measured and used to calculate the optimal TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n maximizing the lesion contrast. In\u00a0vivo contrast metrics were measured as a function of TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Wilcoxon test of reader scores, with\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 defining statistical significance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n No statistically significant difference was found in diagnostic quality between TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009150\u2009ms and 100\u2009ms images, but all three readers significantly favored TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009150\u2009ms. Phantom experiments demonstrated that TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010dependent FSE signal progression can be characterized by\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2,eff<\/jats:sub>\n values typically 40% longer than actual\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n values, allowing accurate prediction of optimal TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n within 2%\u20135%. Applied to PCa imaging, in\u00a0vivo measurements indicated that effective\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n relaxation times of the prostate are on average 1.5\u00d7 longer than published\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n values.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The benefits of TE\n eff<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009150\u2009ms versus 100\u2009ms in prostate T2W FSE were supported by reader preference, phantom experiments, in\u00a0vivo measurements, and analytic optimizations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:12:23Z","timestamp":1777007543000},"page":"616-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal Selection of the Effective Echo Time (\n \n TE\n eff<\/sub>\n <\/scp>\n ) for\n T2<\/scp>\n \u2010Weighted Fast\u2010Spin\u2010Echo\n MRI<\/scp>\n of the Prostate at 3.0\u2009T: Effect on Lesion Conspicuity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dahan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronard","family":"Pabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics Gustavus Adolphus College St. Peter Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0849-1487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A.","family":"Borisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam T.","family":"Froemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger C.","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4686-8369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona 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