{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:03:03Z","timestamp":1789534983108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004168","name":"Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ17\u2010252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ17\u2010252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n While there is a growing body of data using 4D flow MRI to distinguish between normal and abnormal blood flow values in the thoracic aorta, the extent of physiological variation or lack thereof is potentially undervalued. Physiological processes such as postprandial changes to hemodynamics might influence data, normal values, follow\u2010up studies, and data compared between study sites.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To determine the influence of food intake on flow parameters in the thoracic aorta of young healthy volunteers by 4D flow MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n 20 young healthy (10 male, 10 female) volunteers were recruited for this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n 3T\/4D flow MRI (three\u2010dimensional time\u2010resolved phase\u2010contrast spoiled gradient\u2010echo with three\u2010directional velocity\u2010encoding). Technical parameters were chosen according to consensus recommendations, including the use of a respiratory navigator, included a 10\u2009mm respiratory navigator window, retrospective ECG gating, VENC 180\u2013200\u2009cm\/s, voxel size 2.5\u2009\u00d7\u20092.5\u2009\u00d7\u20092.0\u20132.5\u2009mm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n , temporal resolution 41\u2009ms and parallel imaging with acceleration factor of 4. Acquisition time was 10.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4\u2009min.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Volunteers' thoracic aorta was imaged after fasting (food \u2265\u20096\u2009h, liquid \u2265\u20092\u2009h) and after a meal challenge to detect changes in aortic hemodynamics (stroke volume, flow, and velocity).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Statistics included calculation of relative difference (RD), two\u2010tailed paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test, and Pearson coefficient.\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 4D flow MRI detected statistically significant postprandial increases in stroke volume (pre: 93\u2009\u00b1\u200918\u2009mL; post: 99\u2009\u00b1\u200924\u2009mL, RD\u2009=\u20095\u2009\u00b1\u200913%), peak flow (pre: 433\u2009\u00b1\u200995\u2009mL\/s; post: 467\u2009\u00b1\u200995\u2009mL\/s, RD\u2009=\u20099\u2009\u00b1\u200914%), peak average velocity (pre: 73\u2009\u00b1\u200918\u2009cm\/s; post: 78\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009cm\/s, RD\u2009=\u20098\u2009\u00b1\u200911%), and maximum velocity (pre: 118\u2009\u00b1\u200924\u2009cm\/s; post: 131\u2009\u00b1\u200923\u2009cm\/s, RD\u2009=\u200911\u2009\u00b1\u200911%); values given for ascending aorta. 74% of individuals presented with postprandial increase in peak flow and velocities throughout the thoracic aorta.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Food intake triggers a small but significant increase in stroke volume, flow, and velocity in the aorta in young healthy individuals. Depending on the study question and potential longitudinal comparisons, one may consider introducing a fasting period prior to 4D flow MRI to avoid measurements at peak postprandial hyperemia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 3, diagnostic thinking.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T09:50:36Z","timestamp":1782208236000},"page":"898-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postprandial Changes in Thoracic Aortic Flow Detected by\n 4D<\/scp>\n Flow\n MRI<\/scp>\n May Influence Study Results"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1721-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maren Friederike","family":"Balks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"},{"name":"Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM) University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"},{"name":"Section of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Quest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5030-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Stroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Reiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Ulloa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Kirschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3669-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte Maria","family":"Sieren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6567-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Graessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Kooijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koninklijke Philips N.V Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8937-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Barkhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6559-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Frydrychowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thekla Helene","family":"Oechtering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Universit\u00e4t Zu L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-022-03513-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1658","article-title":"Splanchnic and Overall Cardiovascular Hemodynamics During Eating and Digestion","volume":"42","author":"Chou C. 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