{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:45:26Z","timestamp":1791996326980,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Susceptibility alterations in deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may relate to impaired functional independence. However, conventional quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) cannot separate paramagnetic iron\u2010related from diamagnetic myelin\u2010related sources, potentially obscuring relevant pathophysiological alterations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To apply\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010separation to disentangle paramagnetic susceptibility (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n para<\/jats:sub>\n ) and diamagnetic susceptibility (\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n dia<\/jats:sub>\n ) in DGM nuclei after AIS and assess associations with 3\u2010month functional independence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n 82 AIS patients (52\u2009M\/30 F) and 82 healthy controls (49\u2009M\/33 F).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n 3\u2009T; 3D multi\u2010echo gradient\u2010echo sequence for QSM and\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010separation reconstruction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n para<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n dia<\/jats:sub>\n were measured in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, thalamus, and dentate nucleus. Contralesional nuclei were analyzed in patients. Group differences and 3\u2010month outcome associations were assessed. Functional independence was defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0\u20132, and poor outcome as 3\u20136.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Linear mixed\u2010effects models, analysis of covariance, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic analysis;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 was significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Compared with healthy controls, patients showed higher\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n para<\/jats:sub>\n in all seven nuclei, including the dentate nucleus (84.065\u2009\u00b1\u200915.086 vs. 76.172\u2009\u00b1\u200911.387\u2009ppb) and thalamus (30.633 [28.036, 34.454] vs. 28.867 [26.749, 31.804] ppb), and higher\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n dia<\/jats:sub>\n in the caudate, putamen, red nucleus, thalamus, and dentate nucleus (dentate nucleus: \u221218.916\u2009\u00b1\u20096.496 vs. \u221222.220\u2009\u00b1\u20095.002\u2009ppb). Poor 3\u2010month outcome was independently associated with higher dentate nucleus\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n para<\/jats:sub>\n (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03\u20131.11), higher dentate nucleus\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n dia<\/jats:sub>\n (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.26), and higher thalamus\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n para<\/jats:sub>\n (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08\u20131.38). The combined model, incorporating conventional model factors (age, sex, stroke subtype, NIHSS score, and infarct volume) and\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010separation metrics, outperformed the conventional model (AUC, 0.862 vs. 0.757).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010separation revealed iron\u2010 and myelin\u2010related susceptibility alterations in contralesional DGM nuclei after AIS. Susceptibility metrics in the dentate nucleus and thalamus were associated with poor 3\u2010month functional outcome.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:06:03Z","timestamp":1783047963000},"page":"1282-1292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Iron and Myelin Alterations in the Contralesional Dentate Nucleus and Thalamus With Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Susceptibility Source Separation Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2367-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haorui","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0001-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7111-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tongji 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