{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:45:37Z","timestamp":1791996337929,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Compromised patient comfort and suboptimal arterial phase (AP) image quality remain unresolved challenges in Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced liver MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effects of pre\u2010warmed (37\u00b0C) Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA contrast medium on patient comfort and image quality in liver MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective, single\u2010center, double\u2010blind, self\u2010controlled before\u2010and\u2010after study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n One hundred and thirty\u2010eight participants (113 males; mean age 56.33\u2009\u00b1\u200911.24\u2009years) who underwent Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA\u2010enhanced liver MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n \n 3.0\u2010T;\n AP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and Hepatobiliary phase (\n HBP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were both\n T1WI 3D<\/jats:styled-content>\n spoiled gradient\u2010echo dynamic sequences.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome of this self\u2010controlled before\u2010and\u2010after study was to compare image quality of room temperature (25\u00b0C) and pre\u2010warmed (37\u00b0C) contrast medium. A 4\u2010point scale and an 11\u2010Numeric Rating Scale were used to evaluate overall participant comfort, while a 4\u2010point Likert scale was applied for image quality assessment. In\u00a0vitro experiments were conducted to characterize the physicochemical properties of the contrast medium, and renal function parameters were measured to assess its nephrotoxicity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010test, Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test, and Stuart\u2013Maxwell test; two\u2010tailed\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 was significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significant differences were observed between 37\u00b0C and 25\u00b0C for participant comfort (comfortable or very comfortable rate: 97.1% vs. 82.6%), adverse sensations including dyspnea (incidence: 1.4% vs. 13.8%), and AP image quality (excellent rate: 50.0% vs. 0.7%). For the HBP, contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (CNR) and liver\u2010to\u2010spleen contrast ratio (LSC) changes were not significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.067,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.079, respectively). In\u00a0vitro, Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA maintained stable chemical properties and its viscosity, shear stress, and torque decreased. Renal function showed no differences (urea\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.933, creatinine\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.249, endogenous clearance\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.206).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Pre\u2010warming Gd\u2010EOB\u2010DTPA to 37\u00b0C improves patient comfort, reduces adverse sensations, optimizes AP image quality, and maintains HBP image quality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T14:36:19Z","timestamp":1784039779000},"page":"1413-1421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of 37\u00b0C Pre\u2010Warmed Versus Room Temperature Gadoxetic Acid Disodium Contrast Medium on Patient Comfort and Image Quality in Liver\n MRI<\/scp>\n : A Prospective, Double\u2010Blind, Self\u2010Controlled Before\u2010and\u2010After Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Kanghua","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2614-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haifeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4351-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luowei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Center Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital Nanning Guangxi People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010023\u201009928\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2018.0107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.rev.2021\u20100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13131988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.12.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2012.120186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Does Warming Intravenous Contrast Media Improve Patient Safety?","volume":"89","author":"Studer K. 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