{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:16:16Z","timestamp":1787314576244,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GN2630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN2630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/15\/55\/31649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/15\/55\/31649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L011530\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L011530\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N026063\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N026063\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V002465\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V002465\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Brain development is altered in neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), with well\u2010characterised reductions in regional brain volumes and enlargement of CSF spaces. However, perioperative morphological changes remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To identify brain regions showing spatial patterns of coordinated expansion and contraction that differ between neonates with CHD after cardiac intervention and controls, assess perioperative changes and effects of perioperative risk factors, using Structural Covariance Component (SCC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Prospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n Forty\u2010one neonates with CHD (male\u2009=\u200920) who underwent cardiac surgery or catheterization and 359 healthy neonates (male\u2009=\u2009185).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength and Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3T T2\u2010weighted turbo\u2010spin\u2010echo sequence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Images were motion\u2010corrected and reconstructed using a neonatal algorithm. Jacobian determinants calculated from non\u2010linear image registration to a template were input into an Independent Component Analysis to identify SCCs (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200940). SCC weightings were extracted, reflecting the degree to which the covariance pattern is expressed per neonate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Postoperative SCC weightings were compared to those of controls using a general linear model or robust regression. Perioperative change was assessed using a linear mixed effects model, and associations between perioperative differences and age at surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, and postoperative pediatric intensive care unit stay were assessed using partial Spearman's rank correlation. Analyses were adjusted for covariates and corrected for multiple comparisons using False Discovery Rate, significant at\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixteen of the 40 SCCs showed significant differences between neonates with CHD after surgery and controls, including white matter, cortical\u2010 and deep gray matter, brainstem, and CSF (\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n partial<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.02\u20130.04), with seven also showing significant perioperative change (\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n partial<\/jats:sub>\n <\u20090.01\u20130.27). An additional nine SCCs only showed significant perioperative change (\n f<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n partial<\/jats:sub>\n <\u20090.01\u20130.14). Perioperative risk factors were not associated with perioperative change (\n p\u2009><\/jats:italic>\n \u20090.463).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This work highlights region\u2010specific postoperative alterations and perioperative changes in brain morphology of neonates with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:59:37Z","timestamp":1786679977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural Covariance Analysis of Altered Brain Development in Neonates With Congenital Heart Disease After Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1248-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirthe E. M.","family":"van der Meijden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9419-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barat","family":"Gal\u2010Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0415-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Clayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si\u00e2n","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Fetal\u2010Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Cromb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T. M.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Egloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1541-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuberan","family":"Pushparajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Fetal and Paediatric Cardiology Evelina London Children's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Fetal and Paediatric Cardiology Evelina London Children's Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph V.","family":"Hajnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Research Department of Imaging Physics & Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4801-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. David","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"O'Muircheartaigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Department for Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-5673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena J.","family":"Counsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5487-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra F.","family":"Bonthrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Early Life Imaging, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013\u20102309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.946343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Wilson D.Cromb A. F.Bonthrone et\u00a0al. \u201cStructural Covariance Networks in the Fetal Brain Reveal Altered Neurodevelopment for Specific Subtypes of Congenital Heart Disease [Internet] \u201d 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.01.30.24302035.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.30.24302035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201072009\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201014939\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201047328\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.05.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.886772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(11)60753\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/IMAG.a.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02424973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"The Bayley Scales of Infant Development\u2010III","author":"Bayley N.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980228)17:4<407::AID-SIM742>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"British 1990 Growth Reference Centiles for Weight, Height, Body Mass Index and Head Circumference Fitted by Maximum Penalized Likelihood","volume":"17","author":"Cole T. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2016.2557069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26796"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Vanes S.Fenn\u2010Moltu L.Hadaya et\u00a0al. \u201cLongitudinal Neonatal Brain Development and Socio\u2010Demographic Correlates of Infant Outcomes Following Preterm Birth [Internet] \u201d 2022 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.08.11.22278469.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.08.11.22278469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. A.PenaandE. H.Slate \u201cgvlma: Global Validation of Linear Models Assumptions [Internet] \u201d 2006 p. 1.0.0.3 https:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=gvlma https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.gvlma.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.gvlma"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"M.Maechler P.Rousseeuw C.Croux et\u00a0al. \u201crobustbase: Basic Robust Statistic [Internet] \u201dhttps:\/\/robustbase.R\u2010forge.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"Rstudio Team \u201cRstudio: Integrated Development Environment for R [Internet] \u201dBoston MA 2020 http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815591214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/s.4466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.2.8685331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13747"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70499","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmri.70499","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70499","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:59:40Z","timestamp":1786679980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.70499"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.70499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.70499","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jmri.70499"}}