{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:03:19Z","timestamp":1788638599463,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201002219599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201002219599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Respiratory\u2010triggered T2\u2010weighted imaging (T2WI) may use rectilinear sampling (respiratory\u2010triggered fast recovery fast spin echo [RT\u2010FRFSE]) or radial sampling (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction [PROPELLER]). Their relative performance across breathing patterns is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To compare image quality of PROPELLER and RT\u2010FRFSE according to pre\u2010scan breathing pattern.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:title>\n 200 patients undergoing liver MRI (124 males; mean age, 58.1\u2009\u00b1\u200913.3\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 1.5\u2009T; fat\u2010suppressed T2WI using PROPELLER and RT\u2010FRFSE, both respiratory\u2010triggered.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients were stratified by pre\u2010scan respiratory rate and regularity: Group A (regular, \u2264\u200914 breaths\/min,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200949), B (15\u201317,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200957), C (\u2265\u200918,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200949), D (irregular,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200945). Three radiologists, blinded to respiratory group, graded ghost artifacts, sharpness, noise, and overall quality on five\u2010point scales. Liver signal\u2010to\u2010noise (SNR) and liver\u2010to\u2010gallbladder contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratios (CNR) were measured.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test with Holm correction; Kruskal\u2010Wallis analysis of within\u2010patient difference scores and a linear mixed\u2010effects model for SNR\/CNR interactions; quadratic weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient for interobserver agreement.\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 indicated significance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In Groups A and B, RT\u2010FRFSE scored higher qualitatively, except ghost artifacts in Group A (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.197). In Groups C and D, PROPELLER was superior (overall quality 3.96 vs. 3.41 and 3.93 vs. 3.01). Quantitatively (PROPELLER vs. RT\u2010FRFSE), median SNR was 79.2 vs. 95.6 (A) and 70.0 vs. 58.6 (C), and median CNR 57.6 vs. 64.4 (A) and 55.5 vs. 42.7 (D); SNR did not differ in Groups B (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.504) or D (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.480), and CNR did not differ in Groups B or C (both\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.000). Interobserver agreement was substantial to almost perfect (kappa: 0.64\u20130.83; ICC: 0.89\u20130.93).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n RT\u2010FRFSE performed better with slower, regular breathing and PROPELLER with faster or irregular breathing. Pre\u2010scan respiratory assessment may inform sequence selection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:06:41Z","timestamp":1788232001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre\u2010Scan Breathing Pattern and Image Quality in Respiratory\u2010Triggered\n T2<\/scp>\n \u2010Weighted Liver\n MRI<\/scp>\n : Radial Versus Cartesian Fast Spin Echo"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6664-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Sung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ajou University Medical Center Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8832-6165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimi","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ajou University Medical Center Suwon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health Burlington Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ajou University Medical Center Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8355-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ajou University Medical Center Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyesun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health Burlington Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ajou University Medical Center Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3657","article-title":"MRI Artifact Reduction and Quality Improvement in the Upper Abdomen With PROPELLER and Prospective Acquisition Correction (PACE) Technique","volume":"191","author":"Hirokawa Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"T2\u2010Weighted MRI of the Upper Abdomen: Comparison of Four Fat\u2010Suppressed T2\u2010Weighted Sequences Including PROPELLER (BLADE) Technique","volume":"17","author":"Bayramoglu S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21002","article-title":"Image Quality and Focal Lesion Detection on T2\u2010Weighted MR Imaging of the Liver: Comparison of Two High\u2010Resolution Free\u2010Breathing Imaging Techniques With Two Breath\u2010Hold Imaging Techniques","volume":"26","author":"Lee S. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1205","article-title":"Fat\u2010Suppressed T2\u2010Weighted MRI of the Liver: Comparison of Respiratory\u2010Triggered Fast Spin\u2010Echo, Breath\u2010Hold Single\u2010Shot Fast Spin\u2010Echo, and Breath\u2010Hold Fast\u2010Recovery Fast Spin\u2010Echo Sequences","volume":"14","author":"Katayama M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21538","article-title":"Evaluation of Motion Correction Effect and Image Quality With the Periodically Rotated Overlapping Parallel Lines With Enhanced Reconstruction (PROPELLER) (BLADE) and Parallel Imaging Acquisition Technique in the Upper Abdomen","volume":"28","author":"Hirokawa Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.5.1038","article-title":"T2\u2010Weighted Liver MRI Using the MultiVane Technique at 3T: Comparison With Conventional T2\u2010Weighted MRI","volume":"16","author":"Kang K. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21855","article-title":"Usefulness of the Application of the BLADE Technique to Reduce Motion Artifacts on Navigation\u2010Triggered Prospective Acquisition Correction (PACE) T2\u2010Weighted MRI of the Liver","volume":"30","author":"Nanko S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.12.028","article-title":"Image Quality of T2w\u2010TSE of the Abdomen and Pelvis With Cartesian or BLADE\u2010Type k\u2010Space Sampling: A Retrospective Interindividual Comparison Study","volume":"79","author":"Haneder S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.10.018","article-title":"Breath\u2010Hold T2\u2010Weighted MRI of the Liver at 3T Using the BLADE Technique: Impact Upon Image Quality and Lesion Detection","volume":"66","author":"Rosenkrantz A. B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318502","article-title":"Respiratory Rate and Its Associations With Disease and Lifestyle Factors in the General Population: Results From the KORA\u2010FF4 Study","volume":"20","author":"R\u00fcckert\u2010Eheberg I. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20827","article-title":"T2\u2010Weighted MRI of Rectosigmoid Carcinoma: Comparison of Respiratory\u2010Triggered Fast Spin\u2010Echo, Breathhold Fast\u2010Recovery Fast Spin\u2010Echo, and Breathhold Single\u2010Shot Fast Spin\u2010Echo Sequences","volume":"25","author":"Yamashita S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24850","article-title":"Motion Artifacts in MRI: A Complex Problem With Many Partial Solutions","volume":"42","author":"Zaitsev M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26644","article-title":"Free\u2010Breathing Unsedated MRI in Children: Justification and Techniques","volume":"50","author":"Janos S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21987","article-title":"Newly Developed Methods for Reducing Motion Artifacts in Pediatric Abdominal MRI: Tips and Pearls","volume":"214","author":"Serai S. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199911)42:5<963::AID-MRM17>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Motion Correction With PROPELLER MRI: Application to Head Motion and Free\u2010Breathing Cardiac Imaging","volume":"42","author":"Pipe J. G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220448","article-title":"Respiratory Motion Management in Abdominal MRI: Radiology in Training","volume":"306","author":"Nepal P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmri.70528","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:06:49Z","timestamp":1788232009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.70528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.70528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.70528","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jmri.70528"}}