{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1788639356245,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is typically measured using confounder\u2010corrected, multi\u2010echo, gradient\u2010recalled\u2010echo chemical\u2010shift\u2010encoded (CSE)\u2010MRI. Ferumoxytol, an iron\u2010based MRI contrast agent, increases liver and bone marrow (BM) R2*, a major confounder of PDFF.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To assess the impact of ferumoxytol\u2010induced R2* increase on BM and liver PDFF.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n Eleven healthy volunteers (6 female) imaged before and 1, 2, 4, 7, and 30\u2009days after ferumoxytol; 25 patients (10 female) imaged before and 2\u20133\u2009days after ferumoxytol.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 1.5\u2010T and 3.0\u2010T; 3D GRE\u2010CSE\u2010MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n Regions of interest were placed on liver and spinal BM to measure PDFF and R2* before and after ferumoxytol. Dual\u2010R2* simulations evaluated the effect of differential water and fat R2* relaxation on PDFF.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n \n Liver and BM PDFF and R2* were compared before and after ferumoxytol using regression analyses and\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tests. Changes from baseline were assessed with Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among volunteers, BM R2* increased significantly after ferumoxytol, peaking at Day 1, 222 (84) s\u20101 at 1.5\u2010T and 328 (106) s\u20101 at 3.0\u2010T (baseline 72 [26] s\u20101 and 182 [64] s\u20101, respectively). BM PDFF increased significantly after ferumoxytol: 49.7 (11.3) % at 1.5\u2010T and 47.5 (12.9) % at 3.0\u2010T (baseline 41.1 [13.2] % and 38.4 [11.0] %, respectively). Post\u2010ferumoxytol liver R2* also increased, yet liver PDFF did not significantly change (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n range 0.579\u20130.983). Among patients, post\u2010ferumoxytol BM PDFF demonstrated a systematic positive bias relative to baseline, yet this effect was not observed in liver. Simulations confirmed that a differential increase in water relative to fat R2* results in PDFF bias when a single\u2010R2* model is fitted.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n BM PDFF demonstrates a systematic bias in the presence of ferumoxytol\u2010induced R2* increase and should be interpreted with caution. This bias was not observed in the liver.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 1.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:44:21Z","timestamp":1788176661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measurements of Liver and Bone Marrow Proton Density Fat Fraction in the Setting of Ferumoxytol\u2010Enhanced\n MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8626-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Medical Center Mainz Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4144-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srijyotsna","family":"Volety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4524-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan\u2010Peter","family":"Grunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2203-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4728-8171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott B.","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Hernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Pirasteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00040","article-title":"Marrow Fat and Bone: Review of Clinical Findings","volume":"6","author":"Schwartz A. 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