{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:22:50Z","timestamp":1789046570776,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG024904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Amyloid abnormality is a defining component of Alzheimer disease (AD) biology but does not fully account for variation in executive\u2010function decline, which may also reflect white matter and periventricular injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To compare periventricular diffusivity (PVeD), diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS), and G\u2010Along Perivascular Space (G\u2010ALPS), an algebraic variation of ALPS, as diffusion MRI measures in relation to amyloid abnormality and longitudinal executive\u2010function decline.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Type<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n The imaging\u2010baseline cohort included 1190 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (70.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u2009years; 666 female, 524 male). The primary analytic sample included 302 participants (70.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.1\u2009years; 168 female, 134 male).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n 3\u2009T\/diffusion\u2010weighted spin\u2010echo echo\u2010planar imaging and 3D T1\u2010weighted inversion\u2010prepared gradient\u2010echo imaging.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Assessment<\/jats:title>\n \n PVeD, ALPS, and G\u2010ALPS were evaluated in relation to cerebrospinal fluid A\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n 42, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) Centiloid, structural MRI measures, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), and longitudinal Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Executive Function composite (ADNI\u2010EF).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n Group comparisons, regression, longitudinal models, and bootstrap indirect\u2010effect analyses with Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n All three diffusion\n MRI<\/jats:styled-content>\n measures differed across diagnostic groups, with mean values of\n PVeD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and G\u2010\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n showing lower levels in dementia than cognitively normal participants (\n PVeD<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.456\u2009\u00b1\u20090.048 vs. 0.430\u2009\u00b1\u20090.047;\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.291\u2009\u00b1\u20090.188 vs. 1.163\u2009\u00b1\u20090.186; G\u2010\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 1.757\u2009\u00b1\u20090.512 vs. 1.393\u2009\u00b1\u20090.467). G\u2010\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed the most consistent association with\n ADNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n trajectory (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.031, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : 0.003\u20130.059). Exploratory models identified statistical indirect effects involving inverted\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n A\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n 42,\n ADNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n decline, and\n PVeD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\u22120.0518),\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\u22120.0407), or G\u2010\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\u22120.0460); all survived Benjamini\u2013Hochberg correction, with a corresponding G\u2010\n ALPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n effect for amyloid\n PET<\/jats:styled-content>\n Centiloid (\u22120.0169).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Periventricular and perivascular\u2010space diffusion MRI measures were associated with amyloid abnormality and executive\u2010function decline, mainly in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1789042516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Periventricular and Perivascular\u2010Space Diffusion\n MRI<\/scp>\n Measures, Amyloid Abnormality, and Executive Decline in the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1416-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-1063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qili","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA\u2010AA Research Framework: Toward a Biological Definition of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack C. 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