{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:01:11Z","timestamp":1790143271879,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z\u20102014\u201007\u20102101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z\u20102014\u201007\u20102101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The associations of tumor location and reader experience with Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System (VI\u2010RADS) performance remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the associations of tumor location and reader experience with VI\u2010RADS performance in detecting muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 543 patients (464 males; mean age, 67.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1\u2009years) with bladder cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field Strength\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1.5\u2009T and 3.0\u2009T, T2\u2010weighted image with turbo spin\u2010echo, diffusion\u2010weighted imaging using single\u2010shot echo planar imaging, and three\u2010dimensional T1\u2010weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four radiologists (two with 15 and 10\u2009years of experience and two with &lt;\u20095\u2009years of experience) independently assigned VI\u2010RADS scores. Histopathology was the reference standard. Diagnostic performance of VI\u2010RADS \u2265\u20093 for identifying MIBC was assessed across seven anatomical locations: trigone, ureteral orifice, neck, lateral wall, dome, anterior and posterior walls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Weighted kappa, Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, the independent samples\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test or Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, the chi\u2010square test, ROC analysis and DeLong test. Benjamini\u2010Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR)\u2010adjust\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 543 patients, 168 (30.9%) had MIBC. Inter\u2010reader agreement was excellent (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.943\u20130.986). Adjusted GEE models showed lower accuracy (OR, 0.624; 95% CI: 0.518\u20130.751) for inexperienced readers. Tumor location was not associated with overall accuracy (global\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.295), and the location\u2010by\u2010experience interaction was nonsignificant (global\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.469). The ureteral orifice showed the highest false\u2010negative rates (24\/82 [29.3%] and 32\/82 [39.0%], respectively) in experienced and inexperienced readers, whereas the dome showed the highest false\u2010positive rates (10\/58 [17.2%] and 15\/58 [25.9%], respectively). Only the lateral\u2010wall false\u2010positive rate differed significantly by experience (6.1% vs. 14.8%, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reader experience was independently associated with overall VI\u2010RADS performance, whereas tumor location was not associated with overall accuracy. Descriptive analyses identified location\u2010specific diagnostic pitfalls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy Stage<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:09:36Z","timestamp":1790140176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Anatomical Location and Reader Experience With the Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Derived\n                    <scp>VI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>RADS<\/scp>\n                    for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Multicenter Multireader Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shijiazhuang General Hospital  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Shenzhen Bao'an District Songgang People's Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2849-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiying","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1595-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.08.010","article-title":"European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non\u2010Muscle\u2010Invasive Bladder Cancer (Ta, T1, and Carcinoma In\u00a0Situ)","volume":"81","author":"Babjuk M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.04.029","article-title":"Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Bladder Cancer: Development of VI\u2010RADS (Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System)","volume":"74","author":"Panebianco V.","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12245","article-title":"Incidence and Predictors of Understaging in Patients With Clinical T1 Urothelial Carcinoma Undergoing Radical Cystectomy","volume":"113","author":"Ark J. T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-021-03765-8","article-title":"Perioperative Outcomes of Transurethral Resection for t1 Bladder Tumors: Quality Evaluation Based on Patient, Tumor and Surgeon Criteria","volume":"39","author":"Bebane S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.09.024","article-title":"Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Clinical T1 Grade 3 Urothelial Carcinoma Treated With Radical Cystectomy: Results From an International Cohort","volume":"57","author":"Fritsche H. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27361","article-title":"VI\u2010RADS for Bladder Cancer: Current Applications and Future Developments","volume":"55","author":"Panebianco V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.22763","article-title":"Overview of VI\u2010RADS in Bladder Cancer","volume":"214","author":"Pecoraro M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27090","article-title":"MRI of Bladder Cancer: Local and Nodal Staging","volume":"52","author":"Caglic I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.04.043","article-title":"VI\u2010RADS Scoring Criteria for Alternative Risk\u2010Adapted Strategies in the Management of Bladder Cancer During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"78","author":"Panebianco V.","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182506","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI for Bladder Cancer: Validation of VI\u2010RADS for the Detection of Detrusor Muscle Invasion","volume":"291","author":"Wang H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.04.010","article-title":"Improving Staging in Bladder Cancer: The Increasing Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"2","author":"Panebianco V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Urology Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28064","article-title":"Accuracy and Challenges in the Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System for Staging Bladder Cancer","volume":"56","author":"Meng X.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2020.07.021","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Multiparametric MRI for Local Staging of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"145","author":"Cornelissen S. W. E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07765-5","article-title":"The Validity, Reliability, and Reviewer Acceptance of VI\u2010RADS in Assessing Muscle Invasion by Bladder Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Study","volume":"31","author":"Metwally M. I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3180588283","article-title":"Further Characterization of the Muscle Layers and Lamina Propria of the Urinary Bladder by Systematic Histologic Mapping: Implications for Pathologic Staging of Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"31","author":"Paner G. P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgical Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Structure and Function of the Bladder Neck","volume":"159","author":"Dorschner W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61.e61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2021.07.005","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of the Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System for Detecting Muscle\u2010Invasive Bladder Cancer in Real Clinical Settings: Comparison With Diagnostic Cystoscopy","volume":"40","author":"Kufukihara R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urologic Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-023-03979-x","article-title":"Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Biparametric and Multiparametric MRI in Detecting Muscle Invasion of Bladder Cancer Located at the Ureteral Orifice","volume":"48","author":"Eryuruk U.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Abdominal Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220028","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI Evaluation of VI\u2010RADS for Bladder Tumors Located at the Ureteral Orifice","volume":"304","author":"Cai Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5498","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06117-8","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI of the Bladder: Inter\u2010Observer Agreement and Accuracy With the Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System (VI\u2010RADS) at a Single Reference Center","volume":"29","author":"Barchetti G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.028","article-title":"The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs\u2010Part B: Prostate and Bladder Tumours","volume":"70","author":"Humphrey P. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.07.002","article-title":"The 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs\u2010Part B: Prostate and Urinary Tract Tumors","volume":"82","author":"Netto G. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2282011860","article-title":"Measurement of Observer Agreement","volume":"228","author":"Kundel H. L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical Methodology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-022-03969-6","article-title":"The Accuracy of Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System (VI\u2010RADS): An Updated Comprehensive Multi\u2010Institutional, Multi\u2010Readers Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis From Diagnostic Evidence Into Future Clinical Recommendations","volume":"40","author":"Del Giudice F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23604","article-title":"VI\u2010RADS: Multiinstitutional Multireader Diagnostic Accuracy and Interobserver Agreement Study","volume":"216","author":"Ueno Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12102994","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System (VI\u2010RADS) Inter\u2010Observer Reliability: An Added Value for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Detection","volume":"12","author":"Del Giudice F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901001)66:7<1630::AID-CNCR2820660730>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Analysis of Bladder Carcinoma by Subsite. Cystoscopic Location May Have Prognostic Value","volume":"66","author":"Stephenson W. T.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1159\/000019636","article-title":"Significance of Bladder Neck Involvement on Progression in Superficial Bladder Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Fujii Y.","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04424-3","article-title":"Pictorial Review of the Diagnosis of Muscle\u2010Invasive Bladder Cancer Using Vesical Imaging\u2010Reporting and Data System (VI\u2010RADS)","volume":"49","author":"Takeuchi M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Abdominal Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230149","article-title":"Practical Guide to VI\u2010RADS: MRI Protocols, Lesion Characterization, and Pitfalls","volume":"44","author":"F\u00e1vero Prietto Dos Santos J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.233459","article-title":"Multiparametric MRI for Bladder Cancer: A Practical Approach to the Clinical Application of VI\u2010RADS","volume":"314","author":"Pecoraro M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110666","article-title":"VI\u2010RADS in Bladder Cancer: Overview, Pearls and Pitfalls","volume":"160","author":"Lai A. L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70401"}],"container-title":["Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70557","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmri.70557","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmri.70557","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:09:41Z","timestamp":1790140181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmri.70557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmri.70557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.70557","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-1807","1522-2586"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-1807","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2586","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jmri.70557"}}