{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:05:16Z","timestamp":1791594316350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 82172015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 82172015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 82672458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 82672458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026A1515012066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026A1515012066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23xkjc024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23xkjc024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025B0101130004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025B0101130004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) has emerged as an advanced model capable of characterizing central nervous system tissue injury and glioma pathology. However, the associations of DBSI with key characteristics of high\u2010grade gliomas (HGGs), including proliferation and survival outcomes, remain underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the associations between DBSI\u2010derived histogram features with Ki\u201067 level and overall survival (OS) in HGGs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Type<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010one patients (36 women, 53.41\u2009\u00b1\u200912.62\u2009years) with HGGs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Field\/Sequence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\u2010T, spin\u2010echo echo\u2010planar imaging (SE\u2010EPI) sequence with\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010space Cartesian grid sampling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Assessment<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DBSI was used to estimate restricted fraction, hindered fraction, water fraction, anisotropic fraction, and mean isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (iso ADC). Histogram features were extracted from both the contrast\u2010enhancing regions (CER) and non\u2010enhancing T2\u2010weighted imaging (T2WI)\/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense regions (NEHR). Patients were stratified by Ki\u201067 labeling index (LI), and OS was defined as the time from surgery to death or last follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Tests<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Cox regression were applied to evaluate features in relation to Ki\u201067 LI and OS, respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In HGGs, CER showed higher restricted and anisotropic fractions, whereas NEHR showed a higher hindered fraction, water fraction, and iso ADC. For Ki\u201067 assessment, the robust mean absolute deviation (RMAD) of restricted fraction in CER was the best single feature (AUC\u2009=\u20090.714), and the combination of DBSI features improved the AUC to 0.791. Furthermore, DBSI features from NEHR, together with multifocality, were significant factors associated with OS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DBSI\u2010derived histogram analysis provides a noninvasive quantitative characterization of HGG heterogeneity. Proliferative activity may be primarily reflected within CER, while survival outcomes may be related to DBSI features in NEHR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Level<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Technical Efficacy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:33:51Z","timestamp":1790926431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (\n                    <scp>DBSI<\/scp>\n                    ): A Multicompartment Diffusion Model Linking Regional Microstructural Heterogeneity With Proliferation and Survival in High\u2010Grade Gliomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3029-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nengjin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7489-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Mazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5024-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuqi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9496-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingqian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rulin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science Research Department, CT &amp; MR Business Division Canon Medical Systems  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center Canon Medical Systems  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5483-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33918","article-title":"Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Implications of the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System","volume":"128","author":"Gritsch S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.2844","article-title":"World Health Organization 2021 Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and Implications for Therapy for Adult\u2010Type Gliomas","volume":"8","author":"Berger T. 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