{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:11:06Z","timestamp":1787170266144,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Radiation Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As the global population ages, the issue of abdominal aortic aneurysm continues to grow. With the evolution of new devices and refined operative technique, aneurysm treatment via endovascular aortic repair is becoming increasingly favourable. This, however, is not without drawbacks, where regular surveillance is paramount to long\u2010term success and detection of post\u2010procedure complications. Of these complications, endoleak is the most notable and poses the greatest risk of potential future aortic rupture. The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the armada of imaging modalities used in the detection and evaluation of endoleak and their varying usefulness. Plain abdominal X\u2010ray is a cost\u2010effective tool in detecting gross graft abnormalities such as stent migration or deformity (kinking or fracture). Though it may raise suspicion for endoleak, X\u2010ray does not allow accurate classification of endoleak type when used alone. Duplex ultrasonography quantifies both aortic anatomy and real time flow dynamics. Most screening programmes are conducted using two\u2010dimensional ultrasound. Unfortunately, observer and equipment variability may lead to surveillance discrepancies\u2014but reduced when utilising a dedicated vascular sonography laboratory. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography is a promising alternative to computed tomography, though still is emerging. Computed tomography angiography certainly has disadvantages (ionising radiation, contrast\u2010nephropathy, limited differentiation of endoleak type)\u2014however, it provides near\u2010real surgical dimensions and highlights graft complications and concomitant disease (such as neighbouring infection). With widespread availability and short scan time, it certainly remains valuable in surveillance. Magnetic resonance angiography has a similar sensitivity to computed tomography (minus the radiation), however is plagued by movement and metal artefact. Other novel modalities in endoleak surveillance include four\u2010dimensional ultrasound, multiplanar intra\u2010operative probes, nuclear medicine and wall stress analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T22:38:52Z","timestamp":1624055932000},"page":"446-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Imaging modalities for endoleak surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6433-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aman Berry","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Gold Coast University Hospital Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoheb Berry","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Gold Coast University Hospital Southport Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/14.4.343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38272.478438.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000234893.88045.dc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1208378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1583\/1545-1550(2003)010<0911:PRSOAA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Diagnostic imaging methods applied in long\u2010term surveillance after EVAR. 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