{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T01:36:11Z","timestamp":1774488971997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Radiation Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality thus far. Considering the historical uses of high\u2010voltage X\u2010ray beams for unresolvable pneumonia, we aimed to assess whether low\u2010dose whole\u2010lung irradiation (WLI) could provide any benefits for patients with refractory COVID\u201019 pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven patients with refractory COVID\u201019 pneumonia were treated with WLI to a total dose of 1\u2009Gy and compared to 11 patients in a matched control group from June to November 2020. The study's primary endpoint was improvement of chest X\u2010ray severity score (CXRS), followed by changes in mean oxygen (O2) saturation and 28\u2010day mortality as secondary endpoints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final CXRS was significantly lower in the WLI group (8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5) compared to the control group (12.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3) (P: 0.016). Change of CXRS from the first to the last chest X\u2010ray was \u22122.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1 for the WLI group and 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9 for the control group, which showed a trend for lower CXRS in the WLI group (U\u2009=\u200930, p: 0.085). Mean O2 saturation showed insignificant improvement in the first 24\u2009hours after radiotherapy (mean difference: 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1, Z=\u22121.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value: 0.11). Overall survival after 28\u2009days was 32% in the WLI group and 11% in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>: 0.48). The reason for death in many patients was not merely respiratory failure, but also other adverse situations like pneumothorax, cardiogenic shock and pulmonary thromboembolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010dose WLI could improve the CXR severity score and O2 saturation in severely ill COVID\u201019 patients, but larger studies are required to determine its impact on mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T16:43:37Z","timestamp":1629477817000},"page":"396-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low\u2010dose whole\u2010lung irradiation in severe COVID\u201019 pneumonia: a controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Nima","family":"Mousavi Darzikolaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation 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