{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:06:13Z","timestamp":1784819173780,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Radiation Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Health professionals in paediatric medical imaging are routinely required to communicate radiation risks to carers and patients. Effective dose alone cannot be used to specify and communicate the radiation risk for an individual as risks are dependent on many factors including age and patient sex. In this study, we estimated typical effective doses for 20 commonly performed paediatric general radiography examinations using the weight\u2010based imaging protocols employed at a major Australian specialist paediatric hospital. Effective doses were used to estimate and categorise associated age\u2010based stochastic risks with commonly used risk terminology to facilitate communication of risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric protocols for common general radiography examinations and World Health Organization 50th percentile weight\u2010for\u2010age data for females and males aged up to 18\u2009years were used to estimate typical effective doses using Monte Carlo software and lifetime risk of cancer incidence using published data. Results were used to determine standardised levels of risk using the Calman risk model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effective doses, corresponding lifetime risk of cancer incidence and level of risk category from 20 general radiography examinations for paediatric patients were calculated and presented for ease of communication. Doses ranged from &lt;0.001\u2009mSv (negligible risk) to 1.6\u2009mSv (low risk).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Typical effective doses from common paediatric general radiography examinations, the associated lifetime risk of cancer incidence and level of risk have been established for our institution. This can be used to convey risks to health professionals, patients and carers in ways that are easy to understand and compare with other everyday risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T15:15:38Z","timestamp":1669907738000},"page":"30-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effective doses for common paediatric diagnostic general radiography examinations at a major Australian paediatric hospital and the communication of associated radiation risks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Earl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda O. G.","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2809-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda A.","family":"Perdomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging The Royal Children's Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection","author":"International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation National Research Council.Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII Phase 2. 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