{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:05:25Z","timestamp":1790766325224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Radiation Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical imaging is widely used in Iraq, but evidence regarding public knowledge of radiation\u2010related risks and attitudes toward radiation safety and communication is limited. This study assessed radiation\u2010related knowledge, attitudes, safety practices, and information provision among adults in Iraq, and examined associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional online convenience survey was conducted among 1274 adults in Iraq. Participants were recruited through a Google Forms link distributed via Facebook, WhatsApp, Viber, and Telegram. The questionnaire assessed demographics, previous radiation exposure, radiation\u2010related knowledge, attitudes toward radiation safety, and information\u2010seeking practices. Knowledge and attitude scores were analysed using descriptive statistics and quantile regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample was evenly distributed by sex and was predominantly aged 18\u201330\u2009years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009786, 61.7%) and urban residents (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009830, 65.1%). Median knowledge was 5\/10 (IQR: 3\u20137) and median attitude was 17\/25 (IQR: 15\u201318). Most participants recognized cancer and reproductive risks associated with radiation exposure, but important knowledge gaps remained regarding CT dose equivalence and the non\u2010ionizing nature of MRI. Participants generally reported cautious attitudes toward repeated radiation exposure and positive views toward radiation\u2010safety education, although perceptions of warning signs and direct communication with healthcare professionals were less favourable. No demographic, educational, work\/study\u2010field, residence, or radiation\u2010exposure variable was significantly associated with knowledge in the adjusted model, whereas a higher knowledge score and female gender were associated with higher attitude scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial gaps in radiation\u2010related understanding persist despite widespread imaging use. Attitudes toward radiation safety were generally cautious and supportive of education, but direct engagement with healthcare professionals was limited. Structured patient education and clearer communication about imaging benefits, risks, and safety measures may improve radiation literacy and informed attitudes toward medical imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:39:09Z","timestamp":1790764749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiation\u2010Related Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Medical Imaging Among the General Population in Iraq: A Cross\u2010Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9831-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Al\u2010Qerem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Zaytoonah University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiham Assie","family":"Hammood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science University of Tikrit  Tikrit Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3567-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Hussein","family":"Alsajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Al\u2010Rasheed University College  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anan","family":"Jarab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0745-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Eberhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law Teesside University  Middlesbrough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama","family":"Sawaftah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Al\u2010Zaytoonah University of Jordan  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"CDC \u201cAbout Ionizing Radiation | Radiation and Your Health | CDC 2024 \u201daccessed December 28 2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/radiation\u2010health\/about\/ionizing\u2010radiation.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra072149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/CAAC.21132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ICRP.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2481071451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/J.TVIR.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.80351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2025.103005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/RADIOPRO\/2019048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33545\/26644436.2020.V3.I1D.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.28561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5956"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effective Patient Education in Medical Imaging: Public Perceptions of Radiation Exposure Risk","volume":"31","author":"Ludwig R. 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