{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:39:17Z","timestamp":1792661957943,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Radiation Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trans\u2010cervical ultrasound of the palatine tonsils provides a non\u2010invasive technique to image the adult tonsils and the associated peritonsilar space to investigate intratonsillar and peritonsillar abscesses. The peritonsilar space, where peritonsillar cellulitis and abscesses are located is readily identified sonographically between the palatine tonsil and the superior constrictor muscle, which can be used as a helpful sonographic landmark. An understanding of the sonographic anatomy, technique, landmarks and imaging appearances is essential to correctly perform and interpret ultrasound imaging of the adult palatine tonsils which is unpacked in this narrative review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:43:52Z","timestamp":1792658632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trans\u2010Cervical Ultrasound Imaging of the Adult Palatine Tonsils"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4088-2645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Fenech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Clinical Sciences, Health, Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-1602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Reddan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13532","article-title":"High\u2010Resolution MRI of the Human Palatine Tonsil and Its Schematic Anatomic 3D Reconstruction","volume":"240","author":"Herrmann K. H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01168-0","article-title":"Normal Palatine Tonsil Size in Healthy Children: A Sonographic Study","volume":"125","author":"Aydin S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"La Radiologia Medica"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15020228","article-title":"Diagnosis of Peritonsillar Abscess\u2014A Prospective Study Comparing Clinical With CT Findings in 133 Consecutive Patients","volume":"15","author":"Voruz F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3505-7","article-title":"Tonsil Ultrasound: Technical Approach and Spectrum of Pediatric Peritonsillar Infections","volume":"46","author":"Bandarkar A. N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14513","article-title":"Normative Values for Tonsils in Pediatric Populations Based on Ultrasonography","volume":"37","author":"Hong H. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2004.08.045","article-title":"Intraoral Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Suspected Peritonsillar Abscess in the Emergency Department","volume":"12","author":"Lyon M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2012.02452.x","article-title":"An Evidence\u2010Based Review of Peritonsillar Abscess","volume":"37","author":"Powell J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology: Official Journal of ENT\u2010UK; Official Journal of Netherlands Society for Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology & Cervico\u2010Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7368","article-title":"MRI Findings in Acute Tonsillar Infections","volume":"43","author":"Heikkinen J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000351","article-title":"Superb Microvascular Imaging of Palatine Tonsils in Healthy Children: A Preliminary Study","volume":"34","author":"Caliskan E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Quarterly"},{"issue":"1149","key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20230046","article-title":"Imaging of Pharyngeal Pathology","volume":"96","author":"Rahim I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2012.01380.x","article-title":"Randomized Trial Comparing Intraoral Ultrasound to Landmark\u2010Based Needle Aspiration in Patients With Suspected Peritonsillar Abscess","volume":"19","author":"Costantino T. G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040742","article-title":"Palatine Tonsil Measurements and Echogenicity During Tonsillitis Using Ultrasonography: A Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"13","author":"Abdelgabar Z. A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14660","article-title":"Test Characteristics of Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Peritonsillar Abscess: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kim D. J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.04.021","article-title":"Identification of Peritonsillar Abscess by Transcutaneous Cervical Ultrasound","volume":"31","author":"Rehrer M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.01.024","article-title":"Ultrasonographic Assessment of Tonsillar Volume in Children","volume":"95","author":"Asimakopoulos P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.32053","article-title":"Office\u2010Based Drainage of a Parapharyngeal Abscess With Surgeon\u2010Performed Transoral Ultrasound","volume":"135","author":"Sj\u00f6lander H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.02.011","article-title":"Impact of Rapid Palatal Expansion on the Size of Adenoids and Tonsils in Children","volume":"92","author":"Yoon A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2021.04.003","article-title":"Anatomy and Physiology of the Palatine Tonsils, Adenoids, and Lingual Tonsils","volume":"7","author":"Arambula A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001710","article-title":"Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance","volume":"7","author":"Niedzielski A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatrics Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1444-5","article-title":"Spatial Relationship Between the Palatopharyngeus and the Superior Constrictor of the Pharynx","volume":"37","author":"Sakamoto Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111349","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal Mucosa and Adenoids: Appearance at MR Imaging","volume":"263","author":"Bhatia K. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0149-7","article-title":"Comparison of Lingual Tonsil Size as Depicted on MR Imaging Between Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Despite Previous Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy and Normal Controls","volume":"36","author":"Fricke B. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X231196910","article-title":"Airway Management of Lingual Tonsillar Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review","volume":"52","author":"Wong P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08652-7","article-title":"The Palatopharyngeal Muscle in Otolaryngology Practice: An Anatomical\u2010Based Surgical Report","volume":"281","author":"Askar S. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","article-title":"A Unilateral Intratonsillar Abscess in an Adult Treated by Antibiotic Therapy and Needle Aspiration","volume":"16","author":"Ismail K. Q. K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2021.151789","article-title":"Anatomic Mapping of the Collateral Branches of the External Carotid Artery With Regard to Daily Clinical Practice","volume":"238","author":"Cobiella R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy\u2010Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","author":"Moore K. L.","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2011.06.001","article-title":"Sonographic Anatomy of the Neck: The Suprahyoid Region","volume":"14","author":"Gervasio A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Treatment Options","volume":"10","author":"Han A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychology Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25354","article-title":"Transcervical Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Peritonsillar Abscess","volume":"125","author":"Fordham M. T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2013.04.003","article-title":"Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Malignant and Normal Cervical Lymph Nodes","volume":"34","author":"Giacomini C. P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0324276","article-title":"Peritonsillar Abscess in Children: A Retrospective Analysis on Surgical and Antimicrobial Approaches","volume":"20","author":"Rudhart S. A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06718-4","article-title":"Primary Neoplasms of the Parapharyngeal Space: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pearls and Pitfalls","volume":"278","author":"Bulut O. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Archives of Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2024.08.030","article-title":"Beyond the Throat: Imaging of Parapharyngeal Space Lesions","volume":"79","author":"Rai P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.11.078","article-title":"Approaches to Parapharyngeal Space and Infratemporal Fossa Based on Different Anatomical Spaces","volume":"194","author":"Mao S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.23882","article-title":"Ultrasonic Image Characteristics of Palatine Tonsils in Healthy Children and Analysis of Factors Influencing Image Quality","volume":"53","author":"Cao Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Ultrasound"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.14299","article-title":"Visualization of the Oropharynx With Transcervical Ultrasound","volume":"205","author":"Coquia S. F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000445","article-title":"Size of the Tonsil on Ultrasound in Children Without Tonsil\u2010Associated Symptoms","volume":"36","author":"Hosokawa T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.01.031","article-title":"Think Ultrasound First for Peritonsillar Swelling","volume":"33","author":"Secko M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.12341","volume-title":"Tonsils and Adenoids","author":"Gendeh H. S.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30081","article-title":"Incidental FDG\u2010Avid Focuses in Palatine Tonsils on PET\/CT","volume":"132","author":"Reinholdt K. B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","article-title":"Tonsillitis","volume":"2014","author":"Georgalas C. C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Evidence"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/87564793231182437","article-title":"Peritonsillar Abscess: A Cohort Study of an Unusual Imaging and Needle Guidance Approach","volume":"39","author":"Gibbs T. S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xocr.2018.02.001","article-title":"A Review and Report of a Rare Clinical Entity: Intratonsillar Abscess","volume":"6","author":"Esmaili A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngology Case Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2021.04.006","article-title":"The Value of Transcutaneous Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Tonsillar Abscess: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Sievert M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2052-8","article-title":"Incidence and Microbiology of Peritonsillar Abscess: The Influence of Season, Age, and Gender","volume":"33","author":"Klug T. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01691493","article-title":"Microbiological Features and Pathogenesis of Peritonsillar Abscesses","volume":"14","author":"Mitchelmore I.","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","volume-title":"Tonsils and Adenoids","author":"Vaddi A.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255835","article-title":"CT Texture Analysis of Tonsil Cancer: Discrimination From Normal Palatine Tonsils","volume":"16","author":"Kim T.\u2010Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748251372683","article-title":"Clinical Utility and Limitations of Circulating HPV DNA in Tonsillar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review","volume":"32","author":"Stawarz K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.009.10524","article-title":"Computed Tomography Features of Enlarged Tonsils as a First Symptom of Non\u2010Hodgkin's Lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"Wang X.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2012.09.012","article-title":"Lymphoma Presenting as a Peritonsillar Abscess","volume":"130","author":"Kallel S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1159\/000525144","article-title":"Head and Neck Cystic Lesions: A Cytology Review of Common and Uncommon Entities","volume":"66","author":"Vazquez Salas S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-022-00743-7","article-title":"Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Enoral and Plunging Ranula: A Detailed and Comparative Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Koch M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14242833","article-title":"Misleading Imaging Findings: Bilateral Mylohyoid Defect Presenting as a Submandibular Mass due to Sublingual Gland Protrusion","volume":"14","author":"Grabovska D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0615-4","article-title":"Imaging of the Sublingual and Submandibular Spaces","volume":"9","author":"Patel S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Into Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmrs.70139","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jmrs.70139","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmrs.70139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:43:59Z","timestamp":1792658639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmrs.70139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmrs.70139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmrs.70139","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3895","2051-3909"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-3895","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-3909","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"jmrs.70139"}}