{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:23:09Z","timestamp":1747149789596,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Radiation Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posterior tibial nerve (PTN) cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) reference values for the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) using ultrasound imaging exist in several countries but not in South Africa (SA). Therefore, the objective was to measure the CSA reference values for PTN in SA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound CSA measurements of PTN in both ankles on 112 participants were performed, the mean measurement was recorded, and the effect of race, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the primary variables age and BMI affect the CSA measurement of the PTN. A positive correlation was found between PTN asymptomatic size and age (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.196, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), size and BMI (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.200, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Age (categories) had a mean value of 3.17 for the age group 36\u201345\u2009years (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9\u20133.4). The mean BMI was 30.0\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (CI 28.57\u201331.08). As for the asymptomatic PTN, a mean CSA reference value of 0.10\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With increase in age and BMI, a greater PTN measurement will occur. Race appears to be a contributing factor, but further research is needed in this regard. The reference CSA value for normal PTN should be set at 0.10\u2009cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for all racial groups for a basic musculoskeletal ultrasound exam protocol in South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T09:44:01Z","timestamp":1713606241000},"page":"396-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cut\u2010off value for a normal posterior tibial nerve to diagnose tarsal tunnel syndrome amongst people of different race in Pretoria, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Natasha","family":"Roos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Scholtz &amp; Partners Radiology Department Montana Hospital  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6102-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tintswalo Brenda","family":"Mahlaola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences University of Johannesburg  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Hazell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences University of Johannesburg  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-021-00216-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-018-0314-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2020.110697"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"667","article-title":"Can the axial cross\u2010sectional area of the tibial nerve be used to diagnose tarsal tunnel syndrome? An ultrasonography study","volume":"107","author":"Fantino O","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_320_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000502734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-1559-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Kiel J","year":"2022"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","article-title":"Estimation of ultrasound reference values for the lower limb peripheral nerves in adults","volume":"7","author":"Bedewi MA","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14850"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JMU.JMU_105_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.722403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_727_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2021\/278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12299"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jmrs.792","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T12:06:25Z","timestamp":1731845185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmrs.792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jmrs.792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmrs.792","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3895","2051-3909"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2051-3895"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2051-3909"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}