{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:13:14Z","timestamp":1791526394046,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]],"date-time":"2010-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Mass Spectrom."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lactose intolerance is a common condition caused by intestinal lactase deficiency, and a lactose\u2010free diet represents the simplest way to avoid gastrointestinal symptoms. The emerging use of dietary supplements requires analytical tools that are capable of assessing these analytes, particularly for those based on dry herbal extracts that contain lactose together with maltose and sucrose, because of cross\u2010contamination and\/or deliberate addition as excipient. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI\u2010MS) and MS\/MS are valuable detection methods for underivatized disaccharides; however, the absence of distinctive ions and collision\u2010induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation patterns does not allow discrimination of stereoisomers without good chromatographic resolution. We developed an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography\u2010ESI (U\u2010HPLC\u2010ESI) approach, based on porous graphitic carbon (PGC) columns, working at 5 \u00b0C to separate and detect the disaccharides in their anomeric forms as formate adducts obtained directly in\u2010column by eluting with formate buffer\/acetonitrile gradient mixtures. Using a Paul trap, we monitored the adducts [M + HCOO]<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> at <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> 387 in ESI negative mode (MS<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>) as well as the CID fragment ion [M \u2212 H]<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> at <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> 341 (MS<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and used MS<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> fragment ions at <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> 178 and 161 to confirm disaccharides identity in complex vegetable matrices. Complete resolution of lactose \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010anomers, maltose \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010anomers, and sucrose was obtained with <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> \u2265 2.0 for all peaks and selectivity \u03b1 = 1.2 between \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010anomers of lactose. The limits of detection were in the range of 3\u20137 \u00b5g\/l (ppb) for the target disaccharides. Because of the rapidity and good anomeric discrimination, the described method represents an alternative tool to investigate the mutarotation phenomenon for reducing disaccharides. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]],"date-time":"2010-05-12T14:54:11Z","timestamp":1273676051000},"page":"1012-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Anomeric discrimination and rapid analysis of underivatized lactose, maltose, and sucrose in vegetable matrices by U\u2010HPLC\u2013ESI\u2010MS\/MS using porous graphitic carbon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Gabbanini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Guidugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Matera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Valgimigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.41.020190.001041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-008-0003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"Directive 2003\/89\/EC of the European Parliament of 10 November 2003 and Directive 2007\/68\/EC of the European Parliament of 27 November 2007 and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 575\/2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(199709)11:14<1493::AID-RCM40>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.10073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00016a007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00039a016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-0305(97)00124-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(91)80061-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1190300911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0717313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1220","article-title":"Characterization of the glycosidic linkage of underivatized disaccharides by interaction with Pb2+ ions","volume":"42","author":"El Firdoussi A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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