{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:37:54Z","timestamp":1789850274965,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Mass. Spectrom."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucine ((S)\u20105,6,6a,7\u2010tetrahydro\u20101,2,9,10\u2010tetramethoxy\u20106\u2010methyl\u20104H\u2010dibenzo [de,g]quinoline) is an isoquinoline alkaloid and main component of Glaucium flavum (Papaveraceae). It was described to be consumed as recreational drug alone or in combination with other drugs. Besides this, glaucine is used as therapeutic drug in Bulgaria and other countries as cough suppressant. Currently, there are no data available concerning metabolism and toxicological analysis of glaucine. To study both, glaucine was orally administered to Wistar rats and urine was collected. For metabolism studies, work\u2010up of urine samples consisted of protein precipitation or enzymatic cleavage followed by solid\u2010phase extraction. Samples were afterwards measured by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to low or high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (HR\u2010MS). The phase I and II metabolites were identified by detailed interpretation of the corresponding fragmentations, which were further confirmed by determination of their elemental composition using HR\u2010MS. From these data, the following metabolic pathways could be proposed: <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010demethylation at position 2, 9 and 10, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010demethylation, hydroxylation, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010oxidation and combinations of them as well as glucuronidation and\/or sulfation of the phenolic metabolites. For monitoring a glaucine intake in case of abuse or poisoning, the <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010demethylated metabolites were the main targets for the gas chromatography\u2010MS and LC\u2010MS<jats:sup>n<\/jats:sup> screening approaches described by the authors. Both allowed confirming an intake of glaucine in rat urine after a dose of 2 mg\/kg body mass corresponding to a common abuser's dose. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T20:31:03Z","timestamp":1357677063000},"page":"24-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Studies on the metabolism and toxicological detection of glaucine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from <i>Glaucium flavum<\/i> (Papaveraceae), in rat urine using GC\u2010MS, LC\u2010MS<sup>n<\/sup> and LC\u2010high\u2010resolution MS<sup>n<\/sup>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Golo M.J.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University  D\u201066421 Homburg Saar Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University  D\u201066421 Homburg Saar Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk K.","family":"Wissenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University  D\u201066421 Homburg Saar Germany"},{"name":"Current address: Department Metabolomics Helmholtz\u2010Center for Environmental Research  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans H.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Saarland University  D\u201066421 Homburg Saar Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(03)00113-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np000270v"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"399","volume":"29","author":"Xu X. 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