{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1791284744490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]],"date-time":"2015-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Max-Planck Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Mass Spectrom."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrospray ionization (ESI) is the most common ionization method in atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry because of its easy use and handling and because a diverse range of components can be effectively ionized from high to medium polarity. Usually, ESI is not employed for the analysis of non\u2010polar hydrocarbons, but under some circumstances, they are effectively ionized. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic heterocycles can form radical ions and protonated molecules after ESI, which were detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The highly condensed aromatic structures are obtained from a heavy crude oil, and the results show class distribution from pure hydrocarbons up to more non\u2010basic nitrogen\u2010containing species. By using different solvent compositions [toluene\/methanol (50\/50\u2009v\/v), dichloromethane\/methanol (50\/50\u2009v\/v), dichloromethane\/acetonitrile (50\/50\u2009v\/v) and chloroform], the results show that the lack of proton donor agent helps to preserve the radical formation that was created at the metal\/solution interface inside the electrospray capillary. The results demonstrate that with an appropriate selection of solvent and capillary voltage, the ratio between the detected radical ion and protonated molecule form can be manipulated. Therefore, ESI can be expanded for the investigation of asphaltene and other polyaromatic systems beyond the polar constituents as non\u2010polar hydrocarbons can be efficiently analyzed. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T07:46:53Z","timestamp":1424418413000},"page":"549-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Electrospray ionization for determination of non\u2010polar polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic heterocycles in heavy crude oil asphaltenes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Lilla","family":"Moln\u00e1rn\u00e9 Guricza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Kohlenforschung  Kaiser\u2010Wilhelm\u2010Platz 1 D\u201045470 M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Kohlenforschung  Kaiser\u2010Wilhelm\u2010Platz 1 D\u201045470 M\u00fclheim an der Ruhr Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.5450610410"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef010160b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef990225z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef700714z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef900975e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef0600199"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200803403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac300133p"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef3001407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5122"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1021\/ef201312m","article-title":"Application of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes crude oil fractionation for detailed chemical characterization of heavy crude oils by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry equipped with atmospheric pressure photoionization","volume":"2012","author":"Cho Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0511501"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1583-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0483522"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac400670s"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2675315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef0600208"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00038a015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00085a027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef010213p"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0206770"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef3018578"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2007.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","volume-title":"Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications","author":"Bard A. 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