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Kefir grains consist of lactic and acetic acid bacteria and yeasts in alternative proportions that are held together by a matrix of complex sugars known as \u201ckefiran.\u201d Thanks to the fermentative process, the kefir milk is rich in nutraceutical substances such as amino acids, vitamins, and mineral salts. The most valuable compounds of kefir fermentation are mainly lactic acid, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides, the resulting products of proteolytic release from milk proteins (caseins and whey proteins). Among the nutraceutical properties of kefir are antimicrobial and antitumor activity, immunomodulating effect, and cholesterol\u2010lowering effect. Therefore, in light of these intriguing properties of kefir milk, in this work, a proteomic analysis, by two\u2010dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry, has been performed. As a result, milk\u2010derived polypeptides were identified in commercial kefir milk from organic farming. In particular, polypeptides deriving from \u03ba\u2010, \u03b1<jats:sub>s1<\/jats:sub>\u2010, and \u03b1<jats:sub>s2<\/jats:sub>\u2010caseins that may have potentially beneficial effects on human health have been detected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T20:19:07Z","timestamp":1595967547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Proteomic characterization of kefir milk by two\u2010dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8189-7494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Santini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino  Camerino 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