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Aminoglycosides and vancomycin are broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics used to treat critically ill patients infected by a variety of MDR bacterial species. Resistance to these antibiotics is becoming more prevalent. In order to design proper antibiotic regimens that maximize efficacy and minimize the development of resistance, it is pivotal to obtain the in situ pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic profiles at the sites of infection. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is the ideal technique to achieve this. Aminoglycosides, due to their structure, suffer from poor ionization efficiency. Additionally, ion suppression effects by endogenous molecules greatly inhibit the detection of aminoglycosides and vancomycin at therapeutic levels. In the current study, an optimized method was developed that enabled the detection of these antibiotics by MSI. Tissue spotting experiments demonstrated a 5\u2010, 15\u2010, 35\u2010, and 54\u2010fold increase in detection sensitivity in the washed samples for kanamycin, amikacin, streptomycin, and vancomycin, respectively. Tissue mimetic models were utilized to optimize the washing time and matrix additive concentration. These studies determined the improved limit of detection was 40 to 5 \u03bcg\/g of tissue for vancomycin and streptomycin, and 40 to 10 \u03bcg\/g of tissue for kanamycin and amikacin. The optimized protocol was applied to lung sections from mice dosed with therapeutic levels of kanamycin and vancomycin. The washing protocol enabled the first drug distribution investigations of aminoglycosides and vancomycin by MSI, paving the way for site\u2010of\u2010disease antibiotic penetration studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T01:54:25Z","timestamp":1611798865000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An optimized method for the detection and spatial distribution of aminoglycoside and vancomycin antibiotics in tissue sections by mass spectrometry imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation Hackensack Meridian Health  Nutley New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Dartois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation Hackensack Meridian Health  Nutley New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences Hackensack School of Medicine  Nutley New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-7621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire L.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation Hackensack Meridian Health  Nutley New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Prevention U. 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