{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T20:19:33Z","timestamp":1773865173713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Mass Spectrom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accidental ingestion of toxic mushrooms remains a global public health concern because of the presence of highly potent peptide toxins such as \u03b1\u2010amanitin, \u03b2\u2010amanitin, and phalloidin. These compounds exhibit strong hepatotoxicity and can lead to acute liver failure and death. However, their rapid detection in biological and food matrices remains analytically challenging. Existing methods often require extensive sample preparation and are not suitable for urgent diagnostic applications. This study presents the development and validation of a rapid and sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of \u03b1\u2010amanitin, \u03b2\u2010amanitin, and phalloidin in poisonous mushrooms and human serum. Among several preparation strategies evaluated, a method following direct extraction with 1% formic acid in methanol was selected for its speed, simplicity, and effectiveness in minimizing matrix interference. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2265\u20090.99), low quantitation limits (10\u201350\u2009ng\/mL), and satisfactory recovery (72%\u2013117%) and precision (RSD\u2009\u2264\u200919%) in both food and biological matrices. When applied to field\u2010collected <jats:italic>Amanita virosa<\/jats:italic>, \u03b1\u2010amanitin and \u03b2\u2010amanitin were detected at 39 and 145\u2009mg\/kg, respectively, whereas no toxins were found in <jats:italic>Amanita volvata<\/jats:italic>. These findings demonstrate that the established method enables rapid and reliable detection of lethal peptide toxins with minimal sample preparation. The protocol is suitable for forensic investigations, clinical toxicology, and food safety monitoring. Its applicability in emergency settings underscores its potential as a practical tool for improving public health responses to mushroom poisoning incidents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.5145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T07:39:04Z","timestamp":1747813144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of Simultaneous Analytical Method of Three Polypeptide Toxins \u03b1\u2010Amanitin, \u03b2\u2010Amanitin and Phalloidin in Poisonous Mushrooms and Human Serum Using UHPLC\u2013MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hang\u2010Ji","family":"Ok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Technical Research Center Shimadzu Scientific Korea  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5942-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Bioscience Dong\u2010A University  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong\u2010Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1362-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u2010Ho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources and Environment Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-3543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Resources and Environment Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Kangwon National University  Chuncheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-27579-7_53"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(02)00127-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Mushroom Poisoning: From Toxicity to Forensic Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Sharma S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Society of Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Recent Trends of Mushroom Poisoning in Japan","volume":"26","author":"Yamaura Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chudoku Kenkyu: Chudoku Kenkyukai jun Kikanshi\u2009=\u2009The Japanese Journal of Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01721579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-012-0145-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)67125-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Lectin and Non\u2010Lectin Proteins From Amanita Mushrooms","volume":"23","author":"Lutsik\u2010Kordovsky M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Experimental Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Mushroom Poisoning in the Northeast of Iran; 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