{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:00:46Z","timestamp":1764756046192,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Mass Spectrom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Local anesthetic compounds may be mixed with counterfeit products and distributed as legitimate pharmaceuticals. In this study, gas chromatography\u2013time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (GC\u2013TOF MS) and gas chromatography\u2013triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC\u2013QQQ MS) methods are used simultaneously to determine 18 local anesthetics and identify illegal products. First, GC\u2013TOF MS is performed to determine the fragmentation patterns and structures of the 18 compounds and qualitatively screen the samples. GC\u2013QQQ MS is used for quantitative analysis and thoroughly validated for specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The samples are divided into liquid, cream, and other forms for testing, with 65.6% (40\/61) of samples contaminated with local anesthetics. Lidocaine is frequently identified in the analyzed samples, with a detection range of 0.153\u2013164.0\u2009mg\/g. Furthermore, linearity is observed within the concentration ranges of 0.41\u20131.28, 2.29\u20132.43, and 1.83\u201316.3\u2009mg\/g for prilocaine, procaine, and tetracaine, respectively. Eugenol is detected in a single sample at 3.45\u2009mg\/g. In addition, three components are detected in one sample, adversely affecting human health when used in combination. Therefore, the proposed analytical methods may contribute to the removal of illegal products containing pharmaceutical compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.5189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T12:10:21Z","timestamp":1762949421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Local Anesthetic Ingredients Including Lidocaine, Tetracaine, and Prilocaine in Illegally Distributed Drugs Through Gas Chromatography\u2013Time\u2010of\u2010Flight Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography\u2013Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u00a0Kyeong","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analysis Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Cheongju Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geum\u00a0Joo","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analysis Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Cheongju Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye\u00a0Min","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analysis Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Cheongju Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji\u00a0Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analysis Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Cheongju Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung\u00a0Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analysis Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Cheongju Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analysis Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Ministry of Food and Drug Safety  Cheongju Chungcheongbuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182661977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200009000-00038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"The Analgesic Response to Intravenous Lidocaine in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"82","author":"Ferrante F. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006(2006)53[98:EOLAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48110-6.00020-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181bbd443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/uro1010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity: Current Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"El\u2010Boghdadly K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"A.Mahajan K.Song andA.Derian \u201cLocal Anesthetic Toxicity. StatPearls \u201d NBK499964 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32830c214c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2019.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2019.90310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.15162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Determination and Quantification of Nine Adulterant Local Anaesthetics in Illegal Treatments for Male Premature Ejaculation by GC\u2010FID and GC\u2010MS","volume":"8","author":"Lee J. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061934816120029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1727553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-016-0298-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-008-0151-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1070\/RC2007v076n04ABEH003670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","article-title":"Potentiometric Determination of Mepivacaine Hydrochloride Local Anesthetic Drug in Pharmaceutical and Biological Fluids Using Ion","volume":"64","author":"Ali T. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30010068"},{"volume-title":"Farmatsevticheskaya khimiya: uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov farmatsevticheskikh vuzov i farmatsevticheskikh fakul'tetov (Pharmaceutical Chemistry: Textbook for students of pharmaceutical universities and pharmaceutical faculties)","year":"2007","author":"Belikov V. G.","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1449-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b03122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline \u201cValidation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1) International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) \u201d (2024) https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/ich\u2010q2r2\u2010validation\u2010analytical\u2010procedures\u2010scientific\u2010guideline."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Risk of Systemic Toxicity With Topical Lidocaine\/Prilocaine: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Tran A. N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparison of the Effects of Lidocaine Prilocaine Cream (EMLA) and Lidocaine Injection on Reduction of Perineal Pain During Perineum Repair in Normal Vaginal Delivery","volume":"10","author":"Kargar R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Family & Reproductive Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"C. M.Stringer M. J.Lopez andC. V.Maani \u201cTetracaine \u201d StatPearls (2023) NBK535437."}],"container-title":["Journal of Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jms.5189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T09:58:37Z","timestamp":1764755917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jms.5189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jms.5189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jms.5189","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-5174","1096-9888"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1076-5174"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1096-9888"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e5189"}}