{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:46:15Z","timestamp":1791974775767,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Mass Spectrom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Fritillaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    Bulbus (FB) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with diverse pharmacological activities. Due to economic incentives, high\u2010quality FBs are frequently adulterated with morphologically similar counterfeit species in commercial markets. A rapid analytical method integrating thermal\u2010assisted plasma ionization time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (TAPI\u2010TOFMS) with chemometric algorithms was developed and validated for the botanical origin authentication and adulteration identification of FB. Featuring simple pretreatment, high throughput, rapid detection, and excellent reproducibility, the established method was systematically verified by analyzing a total of 172 FB samples. Conventional chemometric analyses (PCA, PLS\u2010DA, OPLS\u2010DA) achieved effective sample separation based on botanical origins and different authentic\u2013counterfeit adulteration pairs. The constructed PLS\u2010DA and OPLS\u2010DA models presented satisfactory explanatory and predictive capacities with reliable statistical parameters. Furthermore, three machine learning algorithms (RF, SVM, ELM) were adopted to build identification models for authentic FBs and their adulterants. All models yielded high prediction accuracies for discriminating authentic CBs from counterfeits (&gt;\u200994.0%) and for the four FB adulteration pairs (87.5%\u2013100.0%). Among them, SVM exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance in accuracy, prediction confidence, and model stability, while all three algorithms achieved perfect identification accuracy for the QB\/XJ adulteration pair. Nevertheless, the method still has limitations in low\u2010concentration adulteration detection, with a minimum detectable adulteration level of 20%, which is mainly attributed to the non\u2010chromatographic separation characteristic of TAPI\u2010TOFMS and the high chemical similarity between authentic and counterfeit FB species. This rapid and robust methodology provides promising technical support for the quality supervision and authenticity identification of commercial FBs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:55:27Z","timestamp":1791971727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Identification of\n                    <i>Fritillaria<\/i>\n                    Bulbus Botanical Origins and Adulteration by Thermal\u2010Assisted Plasma Ionization Time\u2010of\u2010Flight Mass Spectrometry Coupled With Chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4352-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Light Industry Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Institute of Analysis and Testing Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Analysis and Testing Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Light Industry Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Light Industry Science and Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co. 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