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The transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), a pleiotropic cytokine that is abundant in breast milk and semen, facilitates replication of HTLV\u2010I in lymphocytes derived from asymptomatic HTLV\u2010I carriers and transmission to cord blood lymphocytes in vitro. Transient expression assays revealed that TGF\u2010\u03b2 can transactivate HTLV\u2010I long terminal repeat promoter. These results suggest that TGF\u2010\u03b2 may play a role in replication and transmission of HTLV\u2010I. J. Med. 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