{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:22:56Z","timestamp":1791235376626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,9]],"date-time":"2002-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1031529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence of Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) shedding in the saliva and tear film has been sought to explain the pathogenesis of the oral and ocular features of Sjogren's syndrome. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are purported to have a higher incidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Twenty patients with definite Sjogren's syndrome (primary and secondary), 19 with HIV infection, and 15 normal controls were recruited and studied. Human herpes viruses (EBV 1 and 2, CMV, HZV, and HSV\u20101) in tear film were detected by polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from Schirmer strips. HSV\u20101, VZV, and CMV were not detected in any tear samples. EBV\u20101 DNA was found in the tear film of 4 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, which was not significantly different from the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009= 0.18). Twelve patients with HIV infection had evidence of EBV\u20101 in their tears, which was significantly different from controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0002) and patients with Sjogren's syndrome (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). EBV\u20102 was found in 3 patients with HIV and in 1 patient with secondary Sjogren's syndrome, and was always found as a co\u2010infection with EBV\u20101 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). This represents the first report examining EBV types 1 and 2 in the tear film and also EBV in the tear film of patients with HIV. Shedding of EBV in the tear film was not related to the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's syndrome. EBV\u20102 co\u2010infection with EBV\u20101 has not been previously reported in the tear film. EBV infection is abnormally regulated in Sjogren's syndrome and HIV, and it is likely that the presence of EBV in the tear film is related to the patients' altered immune status. J. Med. Virol. 68:378\u2013383, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,8]],"date-time":"2002-10-08T22:56:53Z","timestamp":1034117813000},"page":"378-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Epstein\u2010Barr virus (types 1 and 2) in the tear film in Sjogren's syndrome and HIV 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